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Download US History, Chapter 3
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Ch. 3 Exploration and Colonization Exploration Christopher Columbus’ voyages inspired Europeans. They saw the potential for settling and gaining riches from the newly discovered lands. Exploration Magellan circumnavigated the globe, sailing from the Atlantic Ocean, rounding the tip of South America and into the Pacific Ocean Exploration • Magellan established the route to Asia that Columbus attempted to find • New information led to more accurate maps Exploration Spanish explorers in the borderlands were largely unsuccessful because they met strong Native American resistance Colonization • Most European rulers supported established churches in the 1500s • European states persecuted people who did not follow the established religion Colonization • Religious differences during the Protestant Reformation increased rivalries between nations • Rulers encouraged rivalries between settlers for goods and land New Spain Order of society, from most influential to least, was: 1. Peninsulares 2. Creoles 3. Mestizos 4. Native Americans New Spain Spanish conquistadors defeated the Aztecs primarily because a large number of Aztecs died from European diseases New Spain The Incas lost their empire to the Spanish due to infighting over control of their own government New Spain Three kinds of settlements were established: 1. Pueblos 2. Presidios: forts where soldiers lived 3. Missions New Spain Bartolome de las Casas attempted to help Native Americans by asking the King of Spain to enact laws prohibiting their enslavement New Spain KEY TERMS • Plantation: large estate farmed by many workers • Encomienda: land grant from the Spanish government to settlers English Settle America • The Mayflower Compact established laws for the general good • Native Americans helped the Pilgrims survive early hardships • Squanto taught colonists about native food English Settle America KEY TERMS • Charter: legal document giving certain rights to a person or company • Precedent: example for people to follow in the future English Settle America • Jamestown faced many challenges, including disease and conflicts with Native Americans • Jamestown Colony needed additional laborers from England English Settle America Virginia’s population changed after 1619 when women and Africans arrived in greater numbers English Settle America Virginia’s House of Burgesses began a tradition of representative government in the English colonies Columbian Exchange • Exchange of goods and ideas from Europe to the Americas and from the Americas to Europe • Examples: horses, tomatoes, pumpkins, peanuts, smallpox, how to grow and prepare native plants Good Luck on Your Test!
