Download Exploration - Lesson # 1

Day 1
Bell Ringer/Objective
 Bell Ringer: What impact is exploration going to have on native
populations?
Essential Question: What was the nature of exploitation of Indians
in the Americas?
Connection: Are Native Americans still suffering from this
exploitation? If so, how?
 Objective: Explain the causes that lead groups and nations to
explore after the Renaissance.
Agenda
 Foundations of Exploration
 Christopher Columbus
Create the following diagram in
your notebook (it should take an entire page)
 Foundations of Exploration
Causes
Advances in
Technology
Impact on the World
Explorers to know
Prediction
Foundations of Exploration
 Spirit of discovery due to Renaissance
 The drive to explore
Goods from the East
 Increase in wealth
 Desire to spread faith
 Curiosity

Foundations of Exploration
 Spirit of innovation due to Renaissance
 Advances in technology
 Compass – direction
 Astrolabe – location
 Shipbuilding
Impact on the World
 Eastern culture had spread to Europe
 European culture will now spread west
Explorers to Know
 Bartholomew Dias – Sailed to Asia past the Cape of
Good Hope (South Africa)
 Magellan – First to circumnavigate the world; Tip of
Southern America across the Pacific
Make a prediction
 What impact will Europeans have on the native
population?
Christopher
Columbus
 “Discovering
America”
 Copy the following
table into your
notebook (it should
take an entire page):
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Background Information
The Good
The Bad
(write specific good things that
happened as a result of
Christopher Columbus)
(write specific bad things that
happened as a result of
Christopher Columbus)
After watching the video, answer the following question in the form
of a thesis statement: Does Christopher Columbus deserve to be
remembered a hero? Why or why not?
Next Steps
Look at the thesis you wrote.
A thesis should
 Answer the question
 Provide an argument
 Give three reasons why
 Be written as one sentence
Motives for Exploration
 Need a route by sea to Asia (India and China)
 The Ottoman Empire, due to its conquests, controls the
land route to Asia
 Motives for European exploration:
 God – spread their faith to new lands
 Glory – want fame and adventure
 Gold – search for wealth
 Able to expand due to new technologies:
 Better ships and cartography (map-making)
 New technologies from the Arabs, such as the compass
and astrolabe
Portugal Takes the Lead
 Portugal was the first country to launch largescale voyages of exploration
 In 1420 Prince Henry the Navigator sponsors
expeditions to sail along the western coast of
Africa
 His ultimate goal was to find a water route around
Africa to India
 Portuguese sailors learned that both gold and slaves
were available on Africa’s west coast
 Bartholomeu Dias was the first European to sail
around the tip of Africa looking for a route to
India in 1488 – he was forced to turn back due to
violent storms
 Vasco da Gama set out for India in 1497 and ten
months later he became the first European to
reach India by sea
 Brings back a cargo of spice, makes a profit of several
thousand percent
 Pedro Cabral sailed to the west and ended up
sighting and claiming land that became known as
Brazil
 The Portuguese were interested in setting up
trading centers, not interested in conquering
 They took the spice trade from the Muslims by force
 Had the advantage since they put cannons on their
ships
Spain Sails West
 While the Portuguese sailed east to reach the
source of the spice trade, the Spanish sailed west
 Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain
financed Christopher Columbus to sail west to
reach Asia in 1492
 Columbus thinks that the circumference of the world is
not as large as others thought it was
 Reaches Cuba in 1492, but thinks he is in Asia, on
islands known as the Indies
 Sails a total of four missions – explores many Caribbean
islands and Honduras, which he names the Indies and
calls the people Indians
 The Spanish call Columbus a hero since they think he
has found a new route to Asia
 In 1502 Amerigo Vespucci sailed along the coast of
South America and he finally realized that this
wasn’t Asia, but a new land
 It is later named America in his honor and the Spanish
set out to explore it
 Vasco Nunez de Balboa led an expedition across
the Isthmus of Panama and became the first
European to view the Pacific Ocean
 Ferdinand Magellan decided to sail west around
the world in 1519 with five ships and 250 men
 Magellan was killed in a fight in the Philippines against
the native people but his men continued on
 In 1522 18 survivors from Magellan’s expedition arrived
back in Spain, the first people to ever circumnavigate
the world
 Treaty of Tordesillas – signed by both Spain and
Portugal in 1494 that gives a line of demarcation
dividing their new territories
 Each feared that the other would claim some of its
newly discovered territories
 The treaty gives an imaginary north-to-south line
through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part of
South America

Everything west of this line went to Spain and
Portugal got everything east of the line
Other Explorers
 John Cabot sailed to and explored the Atlantic
coast of Canada and New England
 He set out on a second voyage, but his entire fleet
vanished
 Sir Francis Drake sailed around the tip of South
America and explored its west coast
 He stopped in what is now California and then went on
to become the second man to circumnavigate the globe
 Henry Hudson explored parts of eastern America
and had a river and a bay named after him
 Jacques Cartier sailed past the island of
Newfoundland into the St. Lawrence river
 He claimed all the land along the river as
the province of New France (Canada)
Explorers and their Routes
Chapter 16, section 1, pages 472-473
Research a Native American tribe in the United States. Use
SPICE to discuss aspects of their culture. Do you still see any
effects of exploitation today?