Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
French colonization of the Americas wikipedia , lookup
Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest wikipedia , lookup
Conquistador wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese discoveries wikipedia , lookup
Treaty of Tordesillas wikipedia , lookup
History of Portugal (1415–1578) wikipedia , lookup
Early Exploration of North America The New World 1400 - 1620 Reasons for Exploration 1: Hmmm, What’s this??? Looks like fun! Curiosity and Adventure! Reasons for Exploration 2: • Money and Power Reasons for Exploration 3: • Fame I’m very famous…I’m Elvis!! Thank you very much! I’m more famous than Him!! Reasons for Exploration 4: • National Pride Our country is #1! Let’s get some land for our country! Reasons for Exploration 5: • Religion, Spreading Christianity Reasons for Exploration 6: • Buying and Selling Foreign goods. (Foreign means from another country.) Reasons for Exploration 7: • New, shorter trade routes Review: Reasons for Exploration … • • • • • • • Curiosity………….. Adventure Wealth……………..Money and Power Fame………………. I am famous National Pride…. This is for my country Religion……………Become Christians Buying and selling foreign goods…how much does this cost? Faster cheaper trade routes…go this way instead Look out! Here we come! • • • • Portugal Spain France England Obstacles Faced by Explorers • The fear of the unknown • The Sea of Darkness/terrifying monsters • Poor maps and navigational tools • Lack of adequate supplies • Disease, Starvation, Hard Work • Bad weather Fear of the Unknown ??? ? Sea of Darkness..Monsters??? Poor Maps and Navigational Tools How do you drive this boat? I don’t know , but these tools stink! Not Enough Supplies, (or poor supplies) …………………………like food and water. Disease, Starvation, Work was too Hard! Bad Weather! Obstacles Faced by Explorers • The fear of the u__________. • The Sea of Darkness/m______________. • Poor m_____ and n_____________ tools. • Lack of adequate s_________. • Disease, s_______________, Hard Work. • Bad w__________. 1st century AD 120 AD Chinese invent the first compass. Ptolemy creates the first flat map of the world. 982 Eric the Red discovers Greenland. 1002 Leif Ericson discovers North America. 1271- 1295 Marco Polo goes to China. 1450 Prince Henry the Navigator builds school for sailors. 1453 Turkish Empire cuts off the land route for spices from Asia to Europe. Search for sea route begins. 1487 Bartholomeu Dias discovers the southern tip of Africa. 1492 Columbus sails to the New World. 1497 John Cabot discovers Newfoundland while he searches for the Northwest Passage. 1502 Amerigo Vespucci returns from his explorations of the New World. American continents named after him by German mapmaker. 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovers the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean. Juan Ponce de Leon searches for the Fountain of Youth in Florida. 1519 - 1522 Ferdinand Magellan and his crew sail around the world. 1521 Hernando Cortez defeats the Aztec Empire. 1533 Francisco Pizarro defeats the Inca Empire. 1534 Jacques Cartier discovers the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. 1539 - 1542 Hernando De Soto explores the southeastern United States. 1540 Francisco asquez de Coronado explores the southwestern United States and discovers the Grand Canyon. 1577 Sir Francis Drake becomes the first Englishman to sail around the world. 1673 Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explore the Mississippi River. 1682 Rene-Robert de La Salle explores the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Portuguese Hoist Those Sails! • Looking for new trade routes to Asia • Wanting economic gain (money/power) • Seeking adventure • Showing national pride • Proclaiming the glory of God (religion) Where in the World is Portugal? • Borders Spain to the east • Borders Atlantic Ocean to the west • Western edge of Europe Who are the Portuguese People? • Live in small villages • Worship in the Catholic • Church Work as fishermen and sailors Want to be Rich and Powerful! • Prince Henry the Navigator • Wanted to be first country to find a sea route to Asia • Opened a school for sea captains to overcome fears of the unknown Students at Prince Henry’s Navigational School: • Map makers: made drawings of areas with land • • • • formations and bodies of water Sea captains: learned to read a map and use compass and hourglass Geographers: developed latitude and longitude Astronomers: studied the stars and planets Shipbuilders: built fast sailing ships that used triangular sails Designing New Ships His goal was to find a route to the rich spice trade of the Indies and to explore the west coast of Africa. The ships that sailed the Mediterranean were too slow and too heavy to make these voyages. Under his direction, a new and lighter ship was developed, the caravel, which would allow sea captains to sail further and faster. In the 15th century, Prince Henry the Navigator ordered his explorers to bring back to Portugal any exotic fruits, nuts, and plants from new lands. As a result, the Age of Discovery dramatically affected cooking in Portugal and around the world. Tomatoes and potatoes were taken to Europe, Brazilian pineapples were introduced to the Azores, Brazilian chili peppers grew in Angola, African coffee was transplanted to Brazil (today producing about half of the world's supply), Brazilian cashews landed in Africa and India, and tea was introduced to Europeans. Where in the World is West Africa? • Western region of Africa • Near Niger River • South of Sahara Desert • Just above the equator Exploring West Africa • Journal entries about • • • • • strange animals and unusual tribes, beautiful birds Written description of native villages Made excellent maps Put up stone markers to claim lands for Portugal Converted native people to Christianity. Traded cheap cloth and iron items for gold, ivory and furs Gold Trading Empires of West Africa • • • 700-1100 Kingdom of Ghana 800-1500 Kingdom of Mali 1300-1600 Kingdom of Songhai Economics at Work • Trade: exchange • • goods and services that people may need or want Trade Center: a place where goods and services are exchanged for other goods and services Wealthy Trading Empire: a country made rich by trading goods and services West African’s Natural Resources • Salt used for health and preserving food •Salt mined in the desert • Gold used for money and buy other goods and services Gold mined in the mountains Keep the goods and services coming! metal • Manufactured goods: metal cloth came from Portugal • West African slave traders traded captured people for goods and money Can You Remember? True or False • The school founded by Prince Henry helped the Portuguese gain the knowledge they needed to reach Asia by sea. • Portuguese explorers had no interest in converting native people to Christianity. • On the west coast of Africa, Portuguese explorers discovered the delta of the Nile River Can You Remember? True or False • West Africans traded gold, salt and slaves for cloth and metals used in building objects. • Portugal is a small country in Europe. • The Age of Exploration began in Portugal. • The Spanish were the first people to explore the coast of West Africa. Knock! Knock! Who’s There? • Spain – the first European country to explore North America • 1492 - Columbus crossed Atlantic Ocean to Caribbean Sea • 1513 – 1543 Explored North America (Show United streaming video here.) Reasons for Exploration • Searching for gold • Seeking new lands to conquer • • • for the King of Spain Invading villages to capture people and use them as slaves Converting people to the Christian faith of the Catholic Church Striving for national pride Spanish Explorers Where Oh Where Are The Spaniards? • Wading through dangerous swamps of Florida • Marching across burning deserts of Arizona • Sailing up rocky coast of California • Marching across the plains of Mexico • Climbing the mountains of Peru Warning! Warning! Warning! • Conquistadors – • • • • well-trained soldiers for the King of Spain Fears among the Native Americans Afraid of horses Wore metal armor to protect themselves Used guns, crossbows, lances, swords, and dogs during attacks Coronado Francisco de Coronado Claimed land that now comprises Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, and Texas for Spain Franciso Vasquez de Coronado • Seeking the Seven Cities • • • • of Cibola: the cities of gold Started expedition in Mexico Headed north across burning deserts of Arizona and New Mexico Marched across the Great Plains of Kansas Never found the Seven Cities of Gold Results of Exploration Can You Remember? True or False • A conquistador was a type of Spanish sailing • • • • ship. Some of Coronado’s explorers were the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. The Spanish explorers treated the Native Americans fairly. There were no horses in North America until the Spanish brought them across the Atlantic Ocean. The Spanish explored North America looking for gold. Better Late Than Never! • 1524 France began exploration in North America • Spain and Portugal had already started becoming very rich by buying and selling goods from their new colonies and trading centers • Spain, Portugal and France searching for a faster cheaper trade route to Asia Samuel de Champlain • In 1603 Explorations in Canada • Claimed Canada for the King of • • • • • France Renamed as New France Founded the city of Quebec Quebec became a major trading center Made friends with Native Americans Traded furs from Native Americans to make coats and hats in France Champlain La Salle’s Mission • 1668-1682 Searching for the Northwest Passage • Northwest Passage would take ships across the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and on to China and India LaSalle La Salle’s Journey • Landed in Canada • Set up fur trading • • • • centers in Montreal, Canada Sailed down the Ohio River Discovered the Great Lakes Sailed down the Mississippi River Ended at the Gulf of Mexico National Pride and Land • Claimed land on each side of the Mississippi River for the King of France • Named the land: Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV. Lost in North America • • • • • • • • Return trip to Montreal, Canada Sailed up the Mississippi River Made a wrong turn Ended up in Texas Hardships of disease and sickness Soldiers had a revolt Killed La Salle Returned to Canada Can You Remember? True or False? • The Northwest Passage was a route that the • • • French explorers took from the Atlantic Ocean to Asia. France was the first European nation to establish a long-lasting colony in North America. European explorers first began searching for a sea route from Europe to Asia in 1400s. The city of Quebec got its name from de Champlain. Wait for Us! • King Henry VII, • • • • • of England, funded the first English exploration to the New World. Hired John Cabot because he was a good seaman and greatly skilled navigator John Cabot, a native Italian, sailed for England. Sailed May 1497 for the New World (North America) Landed on northern portion of North America, Newfoundland or Nova Scotia His claim gave the English the right to establish colonies in North America. Can You Remember? True or False? • Queen Elizabeth funded the exploration to North America. • John Cabot was born in England. • Cabot explored the northern portion of North America near Newfoundland. • Cabot had the right to seize any land inhabited by natives who were not Christians and had a different skin color.