Download Unit XV – Colonization of the Americas

Unit XV – Colonization
of the Americas
A. Early Middle American Civilizations1-12
B. The Spanish Conquistadores 13 - 18
C. Other Colonization in America 19 - 21
Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved
1. Early Inhabitants of Mexico,
Central, and South America
A. The Olmecs - 1400-500BC – coastal
east Mexico
B. The Mayas – 300-900 – Yucatan
Peninsula and north Central America
C. The Aztecs – 1200-1500’s – central
Mexican plateau
D. The Incas – 1438-1500’s – Peru and
western South America
2. The Native American
Civilizations
3. The Olmecs
A. Ceremonial pyramidal temples and rich
tombs
B. Society dominated by powerful priests
and aristocrats
C. No true cities but ceremonial centers
D. Carved stone heads of LaVenta
E. Calendar
F. Carved inscriptions
4. The Mayans
A. Accomplished farmers using raised fields and reverse
irrigation systems. Maize, beans, squash, were their main
crops.
B. Built cities with huge pyramids and palaces – ex. Tikal
C. Human and animal sacrifices, the bleeding of the
kings, and the sacrifice of losing athletic teams
D. Hieroglyphics and advances in astronomy, mathematics,
many carvings recording history
E. Trade with city states, mechanical stone clocks
5. Video
6. The Mayan Pyramid
7. The Aztecs
A. Bands of nomadic people migrated into
central Mexico from the north (1200’s). They
were very warlike.
B. They were hunters but also farmed, creating
chinampas.
C. Conquered many new areas in the 1400’s population - 30,000,000
D. Built a highly organized empire
8. Video
9. Aztecs (continued)
E. Practiced massive human sacrifice
F. One emperor was chosen by a council
of nobles
G. Defined social hierarchy
H. Long distance trade along protected
roads
I. Continuous warfare
J. Education
10. The City of Tenochtitlan
11. The Incas
A. The Incan Empire covered a variety of
different tribes up and down the west coast of
South America
B. Tribes; Chavin (850BC), Mochica (100),
Nazca, and many others – conquered by Incas
C. Incas came from the high Andes
D. Pachacuti – founder, Sapa Inca
E. king was divine – owning all land
F. capital – Cuzco
G. efficient government
12. Inca (continued)
H. quipu – official records on knotted rope
I. mountain roads, suspension bridges,
runner relays, terrace farming, tunnels,
extensive road system
J. 700 varieties of sweet potato
K. polytheistic religion
L. sports, games, stone buildings,
irrigation for terraces
13. The Lost City of Machu Picchu
14. The Spanish Conquistadores
A. Hernando Cortes 1519
1. What civilization did Cortes conquer?
2. What was the name of the local leader
and why did he loose?
3. What are the “3 G’s” Cortes was after?
4. Give examples of how he treated his
captives:
15. The Spanish Conquistadores
(cont.)
B. Francisco Pizarro – 1532
1. What civilization did Pizarro conquer?
2. What was the name of the local leader and
why did he loose?
3. What are the 3 G’s Pizarro was after?
4. What happened to the population of native
Americans between 1519 and 1605 and why?
16. Christopher Columbus
17. Christopher Columbus (cont.)
A. sailed for Spain 1492 (King Ferdinand
and Queen Isabella)
B. looking for Japan and China
C. landed in San Salvador thinking he
was in the East Indies
D. claimed Caribbean for Spain
E. made 2 additional voyages, becoming
Governor and Admiral of the Ocean Sea
F. found 2 of the “3 G’s”
18. The Colombian Exchange
A. What agricultural products were
produced in the Americas?
B. What agricultural products were
produced in Europe?
C. What was the Colombian Exchange?
D. How did this benefit man in both
America and Europe?
19. The True Conquistadores
20. The True Conquistadores
(cont.)
A. Hernando Cortes
1. arrived in 1519
2. the death of
Moctezuma
3. conquered Aztecs
4. military superiority
5. the building of Mexico
City
6. the real killer
7. control of Mexico and
Central and North
America
B. Francisco Pizarro
1. arrived in 1532
2. the civil war won by
Athualpa
3. the capture of Athualpa
4. the death of the empire
5. control of western South
America
21. Other Explorers and Their
Discoveries
A. Balboa 1513 – (Spain), The Pacific Ocean
B. Ferdinand de Magellan – (Spain), 1st to
circumnavigate the globe
C. Bartholomew Dias 1487-88, (Portugal), Africa
D. Vasco da Gama 1497-99 (Portugal), India –
rounded Cape of Good Hope
E. John Cabot 1497 (England), North America (New
Foundland)
F. Jacques Cartier 1534-1535 (France), Quebec
G. Henry Hudson 1609 (Netherlands), New York
H. Pedro Cabral - Brazil
22. The Santa Maria – A Spanish
Caravel
23. Exploration Summary
A. The Spanish – sailed west seeking an all
water route to Asia – claimed much of North and
South America
B. The Portuguese – sailed south and east
claiming ports and colonies in Africa, South Asia,
and Southeast Asia, also Brazil
C. The Dutch – sailed west and then east , first
looking for the northwest passage claiming New
York and some ports in Asia (East Indies-Japan)
D. The French – sailed west claiming Quebec
and central North America
E. The English – sailed west claiming Canada
and the States, then east
24. Important Terms
A. Peninsulare
B. Creole
C. Mestizo
D. Mulatto
E. Columbian Ex.
F. caravel
G. circumnavigate
H. magnetic compass
I. astrolabe
J. sextant
K. cartographer
L. Line of
Demarcation
M. Northwest
passage
N. quipu
O. chinampas
P. Prince Henry the
Navigator
Q. enconmienda