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Greek Philosophy
Chapter 11
I. Greeks placed great importance
on intellect, and/or the ability
to reason
A. Studying the laws of nature
and loving wisdom was called
Philosophia
B. Philosophy is the study of
general problems concerning
matters such as existence,
knowledge, truth, beauty, justice,
validity, mind, and language
II. The greatest Greek
philosophers were Socrates,
Plato, and Aristotle
A. Socrates
1. Purpose of his life: to seek
the truth
2. Asked questions to find the
truth
a. This was known as the
Socratic Method
b. Examples: What is man? How
can man lead a good life?
3. The “good life” was wisdom,
not riches or fame
4. Socrates asked
people to
examine
their own
beliefs and
think things
out
a. He became
very
annoying!
5. He made
enemies,
who accused
him of:
a.
Corrupting
the youth of
Athens
b. Denying the Gods
c. Trying to overthrow the
government
6. Socrates was put on trial and
found guilty
7. He said he would not change
his beliefs to save his own
life! He would rather die for
his ideas!
8. He drank Hemlock Juice, a
poison, rather than change his
mind
9. With the death of Socrates,
Athens went downhill! In
killing Socrates, they also killed
freedom of thought and
speech
B. Plato
1. Plato was a student of
Socrates
a.
b.
He recorded
all of Socrates’
lessons
These writings
were turned
into a book
called The
Dialogues,
which included
all of Socrates’
teachings
2. He set up a school in an olive
grove
a. Called the Academy
b. Taught there for 40 years
c. The school itself lasted for 900
years
3. His quest (search) was for the
truth also
4. He believed in an ideal
(perfect) state (government)
a. Government should be ruled by
philosophers
b. Foundation of the state would be
the Greek virtues of courage,
temperance, wisdom, and justice
c. He wrote a book about these
ideas called The Republic- this
was the first book about
political science ever written
d. Plato did not like democracyhe believed there were too many
ignorant people who should not
have a say in the government!
C. Aristotle
1. Aristotle
was one of
Plato’s
students
2. He came to the Academy at
age 17 and stayed for 20 years
3. He set up his own school called
the Lyceum
4. He wrote over 200 books
5. He improved the Scientific
Method by adding the third
step of experimentation
a.
b.
Collect data
Form
hypothesis
(These first two
steps were
formed by
Thales of
Miletus
c. Test
hypothesis
(This was added
by Aristotle)
6. Aristotle also developed the
science of reasoning called
logic
a. He developed the syllogism,
which consists of three related
statements
b. The first two statements must be
true
c. The third statement is a
conclusion based on the
information given in the first
two statements
d. Examples:
Athenians are Greeks
Socrates is an Athenian
Therefore, Socrates is a Greek
Upper Dublin is in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania is in the U.S.A.
Therefore, _____ ______ is in
the ____________
7. Aristotle was also the first
scientist to classify things in
nature
a. Classified plants and animals
by similarities
b. System of classification still
used today
8. Aristotle promoted the
“Golden Mean”, which
meant moderation in
everything
9. He was the
tutor of
Alexander the
Great
III. Famous Greek Scientists
A. Thales of Miletus
1. First two steps of Scientific
Method
2. Predicted first eclipse of the
sun
B. Hippocratesfather of
scientific
medicine
1. Believed diseases came from
natural causes, not evil spirits
2. Hippocratic Oath- rules how
doctors should treat their
patients
C. Eratosthenes
1. Figured Earth’s circumference
within 200 miles
2. Made map that had latitude and
longitude of Asia, Europe, and Africa
forming a single landmass