Download Identify at least two of the big trends leading to WWI.

What legal code helps us better
understand Mesopotamian culture?
Code of Hammurabi
What did Mesopotamian religion reveal
about their lives?
They felt as if they were at the whim of
the gods (fllods, earthquakes,
drought, etc.)
What two key ways did the Nile contribute
to Egyptian agriculture?
Water and flooding that moved in
topsoil
What key factors protected Egypt from
outside invasion?
Natural barriers (oceans, deserts, etc.)
What type of progress did Egyptians
believe in?
Circular, not linear
What two principles were supposed to
guide the actions of Egyptian kings?
Truth and justice
What was the role of the Egyptian
vizier?
Ran the bureaucracy for the king?
Describe the three classes of Egyptian
society.
Upper (pharaohs, nobles, priests);
Middle (traders & bureaucrats) &
lower (those who worked the land
Describe the two main groups of
Egyptian gods.
sun gods (Re or Ra) and land gods
(especially water: Isis & Orisis)
What two aspects of Egyptian culture
helped to preserve so much of their
history?
Pyramids (tombs of kings) and their
written records (papyrus)
Where did the Hebrews come from?
Out of Egypt (under Moses leadership)
Who united the 12 tribes of Israel (the
Hebrew people)? How?
King Saul, war with the Philistines
What was Saul’s son, David, key
contribution to Israel?
Expansion through military campaigns
Which ruler broke down the Hebrew
tribal distinctions and built up the
temple and infrastructure?
Solomon
What was the outcome of the
Babylonian captivity?
New, more devout practice of Hebrew
religion (one God, Yahweh)
Identify three key tenets of Judaism.
God’s chosen people, Yahweh will show
mercy to those who repent, anchored
by the Ten Commandments
What empire, start6ed under the reign
of Cyrus, provided a period of relative
peace in the Near East between 600300 BC?
The Persians
What was different about Greek
agriculture? Why was this helpful?
3 crop system - healthier diet, division
of labor
Who’s poetry provides ideology for
Early Greek development?
Homer and Hesiod
Identify some of these key ideals.
Pursuit of excellence, virtue, use of
persuasion over force
What was the polis? Why was it
important to the individual?
Greek city state, it was democratic and
held all adult males as citizens
What is the name for a situation in
which one person seizes power? A
small group? How did the Greeks feel
about these situations?
Tyranny, oligarchy, despised them
Was Greek society paternalistic or
maternalistic? How did their sexual;
attitudes demonstrate this?
Paternalistic, men enjoyed much
greater sexual freedom
What were the two most prominent
city-states (polises)?
Athens and Sparta
Identify two key characteristics of
Athens.
Birthplace of democracy & Greek
culture & learning
Identify two key characteristics of
Sparta.
Military discipline, helots perform labor,
reinforce toughness & strength
Identify three characteristics of golden
age Greek thought & artistic
expression.
More lifelike art, more expressive &
lyrical literature, rational philosophy
(there is an order), provide evidence
to back assertions
Who do the Greek states unite to
defeat ca 400 BC?
The Persians
What great city center did the Greeks
build during the Golden Age in Athens?
Acropolis (included the Parthenon)
What Greek philosopher sought to find
the guidelines for a just life through
questioning? Who were his influential
descendents?
Socrates, Aristotle and Plato
After defeating the Persians, what wars
lead to the downfall of classical Athens?
Peloponnesian Wars (Athens v. Sparta)
Who succeeds in uniting Greece and
eventually build a Hellenistic empire?
Macedonians under Phillip & then
Alexander
What was the primary influence on
Roman culture?
The Greeks (Romans were big
imitators)
Describe the basic class structure of
Roman society.
Patricians (ruling nobility) & Plebeians
(everybody else)
What offices were created in the
Roman republic after class uprisings?
Tribunes (supposed to represent people
vs. courts)
Identify three key Roman values during
the republic.
Wealth, honor to family, shared rule,
faithfulness, virtue
Why did Caesar return to Rome to
challenge Pompey?
The Senate had turned against Caesar
What were some of Caesar’s key
policies?
Cancellation of debts, colonies for his
veterans, continued grain subsidies
What is the outcome of Caesar’s
campaign vs. Pompey?
The republic is shattered, Rome is an
empire, Caesar is king in all but name
What was the name for the period of
relative peace and prosperity
throughout the Roman Empire between
Augustus and Marcus Aurelius?
The Pax Romana
What was the geographic size and
population of the Roman Empire at its
height?
3.5m sq. miles, 50 million citizens
What was the best way for a common
man to rise to prosperity in the Roman
Empire?
Successfully fighting in the army
Since conquered peoples were usually
allowed to practice their local customs,
how did the Romans create unity
throughout the empire?
Efficient administrative rule & law
based on natural rights
What apostle was key to spreading
Christianity throughout the Empire?
What was the basic appeal of
Christianity?
Apostle Paul, provided life’s purpose &
community of believers
What emperor helps restore the empire
but establishes its center of power in
the East?
Constantine in Constantinople
Which part of the Roman empire
remained unified after 450? Which
begins to fall apart?
Western part disintegrates(Germanic &
Frankish kingdoms), Eastern part
remains unified (Byzantine empire)
What group of people were relied on
for much of the manual labor in Roman
life? Where did they come from?
Slaves; born slaves, abandoned
children, captured in war, etc.
What people are the first to adopt
Islam? Who is the first Islamic leader?
Nomadic Bedouins on Arabian
peninsula, the prophet Muhammad
Identify at least three of the five pillars
of Islam.
hajj (pilgrimage), zakat (tax), salat (worship
5x a day), Fast during Ramadan,
Profession of faith: “There is no god but
Allah and Muhammad is his prophet”
What happens to the character of daily
life in Europe after the fall of the
Roman Empire?
Cities decay, agriculture becomes more
important, churchmen grow in power