Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Sparta and Athens CH 5 Section 3 Chapter review • Who were the earliest known Greeks? • What is an acropolis? • What book tells the story of the Trojan war? • Someone who took power but had the peoples support? • The Olympic games were held every 4 years in honor of who? Sparta the Military Ideal • A group of people moved into the area of Peloponnesus and conquered the people there • {Helots The conquered people of Peloponnesus forced to work for the new invaders} • The invaders conquered Sparta and made it their capital • Sparta was located in a valley as opposed to a hill like other Greek city-states • They did not surround the city with walls for defense • This might explain why the Spartans developed very differently becoming highly militarized Spartan Society • The Society had three social groups • The Equals- descendants of the invaders they controlled the city-state and divided the land equally among themselves • Half citizens- were free but had no political power, they paid taxes and served in the army • Some Half citizens farmed, others lived in town and some even became rich • Helots- were the slaves; Spartans decided how they worked and lived they outnumbered the Spartans and hated them Spartan Govt. • They had two kings • One led the army the other was head of the Govt. • Council of elders- made up of 28 male citizens over the age of 60 • The Council proposed laws and acted as a criminal court • The assembly was made of all male citizens over 30 yrs old • They voted on the laws proposed by the council and they elected {ephors who made sure the king stayed within the laws} Govt. Continued • There were five ephors who served one year terms • Ephors also had control of the education of all young Spartans Spartan Military Society Military • The idea was to make every adult male citizen part of the Spartan Military machine • When born if there are any birth defects you are left to die in the wilderness • Babies were bathed in wine to toughen their skin and were taught not to be afraid of the dark • They were also taught not to be picky about the food they ate Life of Spartan Male • At 7 you left home and lived in a military barracks where you learned to read and write • From 18 to 20 you were trained for war • At 20 you began your military service and could marry • You could not live in your own home till 30 • You could not engage in trade or business because love of money interfered with discipline • You remained eligible for military service until the age of 60 • Older men were to work for the public good not focus on their private lives Spartan Women • {As future mothers Girls were also brought up strong and healthy} • Genetics, {They received strict physical training} and were taught to be loyal to the city-state • Boys and girls studied music to learn coordination and discipline • The Spartan society created little in the way of art, literature, philosophy and science. Athens: The Birth of Democracy Athens • Located on one of the least fertile parts of Greece, Athenians turned to the sea to trade goods • They built their city inland in order to protect it from pirates and invaders • Athens was a typical polis built around the rocky hill of the Acropolis • In times of war the people took refuge inside the walls of the city The Walls of Athens Society • Citizens were top in society, they might be aristocrats or poor farmers, only men had political rights • Females could not vote or hold political office • {Metics Free non citizens born outside of Athens • They worked as merchants or artisans they were free and paid taxes like the citizens} • They could not take part in government or own land • As always slaves were at the bottom these were people captured in war Draco Early Government • After Athens Monarchy ended the city-state had an aristocratic government • Only citizens who owned land held office • All adult male citizens, however, met at assembly • They elected generals in times of war • They also elected nine {Archons a ruler elected to rule for one year} • {Draco is a Archon believed to have written Athens first law code} • The law code was considered very harsh Solon • Was a Archon in Athens in 594 BC • He noticed more poor selling them selves into slavery over debt • He erased the debt of the poor and outlawed slavery in payment of debt • He also divided the citizens into 4 groups • The two richest could hold public office • All citizens could sit in assembly and the assembly elected those officials Solon Democracy • {Cleisthenes seized power in Athens and created a direct democracy all citizens participated directly in making decisions} • He divided the Athens citizens into 10 tribes • Each tribe chose 50 men to form the council of 500 • Members served one year and could not be chosen twice Continued • • • • • • • The council proposed laws to the assembly Athens courts also became more democratic Each man could plea his own case Jurors voted on a secret ballot {Juries were chosen by lot not Nobles} This was a direct democracy Present day democracies like the U.S. use representative democracy in which we elect representatives to govern for us Section Review • Who were The conquered people of Peloponnesus forced to work for the new invaders? • Who made sure the king stayed within the law? • What city state made sure their women had physical training? • Who wrote the first Athenian law code? The End? Section 4 Daily life of Athens