Download ITB255 - ABAP/4 Programming

MIS 3020 - ABAP Programming
Lecture 1
Introduction to the ABAP Workbench
Objectives

to introduce


the ABAP integrated development
environment
the two main ABAP application types


reporting
dialog programming
Order of Presentation


Purpose and Function of the ABAP Workbench
Workbench Tools:









Object Navigator (Repository Browser)
The ABAP Language
The Repository Information System
Test and Analysis Tools
Menu & Screen Painter
The Data Modeler
ABAP Query
The Workbench Organizer
The Class Builder
ABAP Workbench
Purpose & Function

SAP’s Integrated Graphical Programming
Development Environment:


Used to create/change ABAP application programs
Each ABAP application program is either a report or a
transaction:


Reports are applications that retrieve and display information from
database with little or no user interaction
Transactions accepts inputs/data from users and then perform one
or more relevant actions, usually involving updating databases
ABAP Workbench
Purpose & Function

The Workbench can be used to







write ABAP code
design dialogs/screens with a graphical editor
create menus with a menu editor
debug an application
test an application for efficiency
control access to objects under development
create new or access predefined database
information
ABAP Workbench
Purpose & Function

Comprises the following tools


The Object Navigator (aka Repository Browser)
the ABAP Language






the Screen and Menu Painters
the Repository Information System
the Data Modeler
various test and analysis tools
the ABAP Query
the Workbench Organizer
ABAP Workbench Architecture
Transport System
Reporting
ABAP
Dictionary
R/3
Repository
ABAP
Processor
Debugging
Trace
Test
Tuning
The Workbench Screen


All R/3 screens have a similar ‘look and feel’
screens consist of






screen titlebar
menu bar
standard toolbar
application toolbar
screen body
message line
Menubar
Standard toolbar
Screen title-bar
Application toolbar
Message line
Client
Server
The Object Navigator (The
Repository Browser)


central tool for organizing and managing your
personal development objects
used to navigate through development object lists


where development objects are the components used to
construct an application
automatically calls other workbench tools

if you create a new data definition the browser calls the
Data Dictionary, and then returns to the browser after the
definition is created
The ABAP Language




Advanced Business Application Programming
developed by SAP for the interactive development of
application programs
4th Generation Language (with some OO features)
main uses for ABAP programs include



creation of new reports
development of new user dialog programs (transactions)
customisation of R/3 to meet individual client needs
Reporting

uses ABAP Open SQL to extract data
from the R/3 database


Open SQL is a subset of ANSI SQL
report consists of a [selection screen]
and a list screen


selection screen allows the user to enter
selection criteria
list screen displays the report data
Report
Selection
Screen
List
Screen
ABAP Open SQL
R/3 Database
Dialog Programming


Dialog Programs (Transactions) are used for
both reading and changing the database
Main Components of a Dialog Program are




screen & menus
processing logic defined in an ABAP program
(module pool)
for each screen, interaction and control flow from
one module to another is defined in DYNPRO
data structures defined in the ABAP dictionary
Development Environment
ABAP
Dictionary
Screen
Painter
ABAP
Menu
Painter
Runtime Environment
Dialog Processor
ABAP Processor
Dialog Programming Overview
Transaction
Code
Module Pool
0100
0200
0300
Screen
Flow
Logic
DIALOG
Communication
PROCESS BEFORE OUTPUT.
MODULE INITIALISE.
1
2
3
PROCESS AFTER INPUT.
MODULE READ-ITAB.
MODULE ....
ABAP
MODULE INITIALISE
Clear ITAB.
ENDMODULE.
MODULE READ-ITAB.
Select * From ITAB
Where...
ENDMODULE.
4
MODULE......
:
:
ENDMODULE.
Graphical Screen Painter
Currently Edited Field
Graphical Elements Toolbar
Menu Painter
The Repository Information
System

The Repository Information System is used to search
for objects in the R/3 system and provides




list of all objects X with attribute/s Y
the Where Used List which gives a list of every place that
object X is used throughout the R/3 system
information about foreign key relationships between tables
display of data (all records in table X with attribute Y)
Test and Analysis Tools

ABAP Editor

syntax checker




tests for coding and syntactical correctness
provides automatic ‘correct’ facility
in case of an error, provides a detailed (although
sometimes obscure) reason for the error
extended syntax check


searches out situations that might possibly result
in a runtime error (eg, inconsistent interface
parameters)
warns about use of literals instead of text
elements
Test and Analysis Tools

Debugger


finds logic errors
provides ability to




stop the program anywhere during runtime
continue statement by statement
skip over subroutines
check or change the contents of variables and
internal tables on the fly
Test and Analysis Tools

Runtime analysis


used to determine the performance,
(absolute and relative) of the various parts
of an ABAP program
can provide statistics on the efficiency of



code
database accesses
R/3 system itself
The Data Modeler


graphical tool that utilises E-R modelling
tightly coupled to the data dictionary


possible to click on an object in the model (ie,
an entity), and retrieve related data from the
dictionary, (ie table - structure, contents)
create the data model and the dictionary can
create the table automatically
ABAP Query

Automated report generator


can generate


user not required to know ABAP language
basic lists, statistics, ranked lists
To define a report




enter individual texts, such as titles
select the fields and options which determine the report layout
assign a particular sequence by numbering the fields.
The system generates each query in the form of an
ABAP program.
Workbench Organizer

records and controls changes to objects


ABAP Programs, Dictionary Objects,
Screens, User Interface Definitions, …
provides assistance for organizing
development projects

by allowing you to distribute project work
for individual developers or teams among
different change requests
Workbench Organizer

interface to the Transport mechanism


movement of applications from
development  test  production
environments
prevents parallel, uncoordinated
changes to the same object, (version
control)

even when many copies of the object exist
in several, connected SAP systems
Summary & Conclusion



this lecture provided an overview of the tools that
comprise the ABAP Development Workbench
of these the editor /syntax checker/debugger is
the combination that we will use most frequently
it is essential that you be able to use the tools to


navigate around the workbench
find,execute,change development objects
Related Reading

OnLine Help

R/3 Library ... Basis Components ... ABAP
Workbench

BC ABAP User’s Guide


ABAP Basics
 Overview of the Components of Application
Programs
ABAP Workbench Tools
Recommended ABAP Texts



ABAP/4: Programming the SAP R/3 System,
Bernd Matzke
Developing SAP’s R/3 applications with ABAP/4,
Rudiger Kretschmer, and Wolfgang Weiss
Introduction to ABAP/4 Programming for SAP,
Revised and Expanded Edition by Gareth M. De
Bruyn, Robert Lyfareff