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MITOTIC CELL DIVISION Miss Charney Northville Central School WHY DO CELLS REPRODUCE? • Form of reproduction requiring only one parent called asexual reproduction • Growth • Repair and replacement of cells and/or cell parts WHAT IS MITOSIS? • Definition: process by which a cell’s genetic material divides, creating two complete sets of the cell’s genetic material • Result: Two daughter cells that are genetically identical CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE chromatid Chromosomes are composed of the following: telomere centromere 1. Chromatids: paired strands that compose the chromosome 2. Centromere: tiny disk holding chromatids together telomere Condensed, duplicated chromosome INTERPHASE • Definition: resting stage that occurs between cell divisions • Involves 3 events: 1. Cell growth 2. Copying of DNA, or replication 3. Centrioles replicate STAGE 1: PROPHASE • Chromosomes become clearly visible • Nuclear membrane disintegrates • Centrioles move to opposite ends, or poles, of the cell • Thread-like structures called spindle fibers appear and extend between centrioles STAGE 2: METAPHASE • Chromosomes align in the center of the cell, or equator • Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers via centromeres STAGE 3: ANAPHASE EARLY ANAPHASE: • Sister chromatids split • Chromatids move away from equator and toward the poles LATE ANAPHASE: • Cell membrane begins to pinch forming a cleavage furrow STAGE 4: TELOPHASE • Two nuclear membranes form • Spindle fibers disappear • Cell membrane continues to pinch in and cytoplasm equally divides, a process known as cytokinesis