Download Cell Structure and Function Notes

Agenda 9/18/15
•Get out Cell
Organelle
Booklet.
Body system level:
the digestive system
Organ level: the
stomach
Tissue level:
layers of tissue in
the stomach wall
Cellular level:
a cell in the
stomach lining
Chemical level:
a molecule in the membrane
that encloses a cell
Organism level:
the whole body
Proposed in 1838 by Schleiden & Schwann
1. All life forms are made from one or more cells.
2.Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
3.The cell is the smallest form of life.
• NO NUCLEUS
• Small, simple
• A prokaryotic cell is enclosed by a
plasma membrane and is usually
encased in a rigid cell wall
–The cell wall may be covered by a sticky capsule
–Inside the cell are its DNA and other parts
• Grow & reproduce
•EX. E. coli (bacterial cells)
•HAVE A NUCLEUS &
MEMBRANE-BOUND
ORGANELLES
•Grow & reproduce
•Some live as single cells
•Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, etc.
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Flagellum
Not in most
plant cells
Lysosome
Centriole
Ribosomes
Peroxisome
Microtubule
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate
filament
Microfilament
Figure 4.5A
Golgi
apparatus
Plasma membrane
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosomes
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Microtubule
Not in
animal
cells
Central
vacuole
Intermediate
filament
Chloroplast
Microfilament
Cell wall
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
Plasma membrane
Figure 4.5B
Cytoskeleton
Function: provide support and protection for the
cell; allows water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
other things to pass through
FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
Description:
Phospholipid Bilayer with proteins embedded in it
Function: Provides a barrier between the inside of
the cell and the external environment
Found in ALL Cells
Description: Double-membrane
layer
Function: Selectively allows
material to pass into and out of
the nucleus via the pores
Location: WITHIN the nucleus
Found in all EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Function: controls most cell
processes and contains hereditary
info of DNA; has chromatin
which forms chromosomes during
mitosis
Location: near the center of the
cell
Found in all EUKARYOTIC cells
Function: Location where
ribosomes are made
Location: WITHIN the nucleus.
Found in all EUKARYOTIC cells
Description: DNA
bound to proteins
that is visible within
the nucleus
Location: WITHIN
the nucleus.
Description: Condensed
chromatin, distinct,
thread-like structures
containing genetic
information.
Location: WITHIN the
nucleus.
Found in all EUKARYOTIC cells
TYPES:
Free – are floating around in the cytoplasm
Bound – are attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Function: Protein Synthesis
Found in ALL cells
Function: use energy from food
to make high-energy particles
for the cell to use
Location: in the cytoplasm of
the cell
Nickname: Powerhouse
Found in all EUKARYOTIC Cells
Description: Double membrane
structure containing stacks of
photosynthetic membranes which
contain the green pigment
chlorophyll.
Function: Use energy from sunlight to
make energy-rich food molecules in a
process known as photosynthesis.
Found ONLY in PLANT Cells
Description: Folded membrane
studded with ribosomes that
extends from the nuclear
envelope
Function: Protein synthesis can
occur ON the ribosomes and then
the proteins are modified on the
inside of the rough ER.
Found in all EUKARYOTIC Cells
Description: Folded membrane
that extends from the rough ER
or stands alone in the cytoplasm
Function: Contains collections of
enzymes for specialized tasks,
including assembly of lipids.
Found in all EUKARYOTIC Cells
Description: Folded membranes that
are stacked and form an assembly
line for final modification of proteins
Function: Using enzymes, it attaches
carbohydrates & lipids to proteins.
From the Golgi, proteins are sent to
their final destination in vesicles.
Found in all EUKARYOTIC Cells
Function: Contain enzymes used to breakdown lipids,
carbohydrates, and proteins.
Lysosomal Enzymes can:
- Digest food
- Destroy bacteria
- Recycle damaged organelles
- Function in embryonic development in animals
Found in MOST EUKARYOTIC Cells
Function: Location for storage of water,
salts, proteins & carbohydrates. In plant
cells there is usually a single, large,
central vacuole that stores liquid.
Found in EUKARYOTIC Cells
Larger in Plant Cells than in Animal Cells
Function: helps the cell maintain its shape; also
involved in movement inside the cell
Location: network of protein filaments that goes
throughout the cell
Components: Microtubules & Microfilaments
Found in ALL Cells