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Mitosis Diagram Interphase It appears as if the cell is resting…some cells are in G0 During the G1 the cell will grow and produce all the necessary proteins for DNA synthesis During S the cell replicates its DNA...so it now has 2 complete sets of DNA. This allows the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each with a complete copy of DNA. During the G2 the cell again undergoes growth and protein synthesis, because it needs enough proteins for 2 cells. Cells spend most of their time in this phase What does Interphase look like? (PICTURE 1) Centrioles will apprear Chromatin is visible Double membrane Nuclear membrane is visible The “M” phase: Nuclear Division This is the process of forming identical daughter cells by replicating and dividing the original chromosomes. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, & cytokinesis Prophase: (longest phase of Mitosis) (PICTURE #2) •Nuclear envelope fades disappears •Nucleolus disappears •Chromatin condenses (shortens and thickens) to become chromosomes •Later, spindle starts to form (spindle composed of microtubules - like muscles) •Centrioles move to opposite ends Metaphase: (PICTURE #3) •Double stranded Chromosomes line up across center (equator) •Each centromere becomes attached to spindle fiber •Very end of metaphase - centromeres divide Anaphase: (PICTURE #4) •Each centromere divides •Two strands of chromosome separate •Separate strands of chromsomes move towards opposite ends Telophase: (PICTURE #4) •Centrioles and spindle fibers disapprear •Chromosomes stretch out to CHROMATIN •Nuclear membrane re-appears •Nucleolus re-appears •Two daughter cells are visible!!!!! Cytokinesis: •Division of the cytoplasm completes the “M” phase •Slightly different for plant and animal cells The plant will from a cell plant derived from the golgi bodies Picture of Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell during CYTOKINESIS FORMATION OF THE CELL PLATE What phase of is this? PROPHASE!!!!! What phase is this? METAPHASE!!!!! What phase is this? ANAPHASE!!!!! What phase is this? TELOPHASE!!!!! What is the purpose of MITOSIS? To make a master copy of the nucleus!!!!! (A CLONE!!!!) Constant number of chromosomes for each species 1. Humans = 46 2. A sunflower = 4 3. A fern = 1250 Stage Time % Interphase 17 hours 90.3% Prophase 1.3 6.9 % Metaphase 0.24 1.3 % Anaphase 0.07 0.4 % Telophase 0.22 1.2 % TOTAL 18.83 hours