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CELL TRANSPORT PASSIVE & ACTIVE TRANSPORT CLASSROOM BOOK: 7-3 ZEBRA BOOK: 7-4 Cell Membrane MAIN FUNCTION IS TO REGULATE WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS A STABLE, INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT HOMEOSTASIS - EXAMPLES OF SHIVERING WHEN COLD TO GENERATE HEAT WITHIN THE BODY SWEATING WHEN HOT TO COOL THE INTERNAL CORE TEMPERATURE. THE CELL MEMBRANE MADE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTEINS LIPID BILAYER STRUCTURE LIPID BILAYER TWO LAYERS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS PHOSPHATE HEAD IS POLAR (WATER LOVING) FATTY ACID TAILS ARE NON POLAR (WATER HATING) PROTEINS ARE EMBEDDED IN THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT ACT AS DOORS SO SUBSTANCES CAN ENTER AND EXIT. CELL MEMBRANE ALSO REFERRED TO AS: LIPID BILAYER PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER PLASMA MEMBRANE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE THE CELL MEMBRANE WILL ALLOW CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TO PASS THROUGH EASILY EX: WATER, SUGARS, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE AND, KEEP OTHER SUBSTANCES FROM PASSING THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE EX. LARGE LIPIDS, PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES, TRANSPORT IN THE CELL CAN BE PASSIVE TRANSPORT OR ACTIVE TRANSPORT PASSIVE TRANSPORT NO ENERGY INPUT BY THE CELL IS NEEDED FOR MOVEMENT TO OCCUR THE 3 TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT ARE: DIFFUSION OSMOSIS FACILITATED DIFFUSION DIFFUSION THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE OSMOSIS THE MOVEMENT OF WATER FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE. THE WAY THAT WATER MOVES IN LIVING ORGANISMS OSMOSIS IS HOW WATER MOVES IN LIVING ORGANISMS THREE TYPES OF OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS HYPOTONIC - THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES OUTSIDE OF THE CELL IS LOWER THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES IN THE CYTOPLASM. (LESS WATER INSIDE OF THE CELL THAN OUTSIDE OF THE CELL) Hypotonic Solutions cell: L water, H solute Environment: H water, L solute, hypotonic to cell Hypotonic: Water enters cell. Cell swells and bursts (cytolysis). Give plant cells shape and support. Cell hypertonic to environment. Environment hypotonic to cell. RED BLOOD CELL IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION WHICH WAY DOES THE WATER MOVE? WHY? OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS HYPERTONIC – THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES OUTSIDE OF THE CELL IS HIGHER THAN THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE MOLECULES INSIDE OF THE CELL. (MORE WATER INSIDE OF THE CELL THAN OUTSIDE OF THE CELL) Hypertonic Solutions Cell: H water; L solute Environment: L water, H solute Hypertonic: Water exits cell. Cell shrinks (plasmolysis) due to loss. Cell hypotonic to environment. Environment hypertonic to cell. water RED BLOOD CELL IN A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION WHICH WAY DOES THE WATER MOVE? WHY? OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS ISOTONIC – THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL ARE EQUAL. (THE AMOUNT OF WATER INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CELL IS EQUAL). Isotonic Solutions Isotonic: Water in = Water out No net movement of water. Molecules in equilibrium. Normal state for animal cells. Cell in homeo RED BLOOD CELL IN AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION WHICH WAY DOES THE WATER MOVE? WHY? FACILITATED DIFFUSION THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF CARRIER PROTEINS IN THE MEMBRANE FACILITATED DIFFUSION PROCESS USED FOR MOLECULES THAT CANNOT DIFFUSE RAPIDLY THROUGH CELL MEMBRANES MOLECULES MAY NOT BE SOLUBLE TO LIPIDS OR TOO LARGE TO PASS THROUGH THE MEMBRANE EXAMPLE OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION TRANSPORT OF GLUCOSE CARRIER PROTEINS MOVE GLUCOSE OUT OF THE CELL TO WHERE IT IS NEEDED ACTIVE TRANSPORT REQUIRES ENERGY INPUT BY THE CELL FOR MOVEMENT TO OCCUR. INCLUDES: SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ENDOCYTOSIS(ENTERING THE CELL) TAKING MATERIAL INTO THE CELL BY MEANS OF INFOLDINGS OR POCKETS OF THE CELL MEMBRANE THE POCKET FORMS A VACUOLE AND CARRIES THE MATERIAL Endocytosis ENDOCYTOSIS – TWO TYPES PINOCYTOSIS – THE TRANSPORT OF SOLUTES OR FLUIDS PHAGOCYTOSIS – THE TRANSPORT OF LARGE PARTICLES OR WHOLE CELLS EXOCYTOSIS(EXITING THE CELL) THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS REMOVE MATERIALS FROM THE CELL REVERSE PROCESS OF ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS