Download The CELL - Henrico

Father of the Microscope
Father to the term "Cell"
• Botanist first to study plant
cells.
• Studied animal cells first
• Plants cells made other plant
cells
• Animal cells made other
animal cells

proposed the cell theory in
1838
•cell biology research was
forever changed.
states that:


used a crude compound microscope to
view a cork and seen honey comb
shapes in 1665.
He coined the term cells since they
reminded him of the small box cells
Monks lived in.

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Microscopes - magnify things not
visible with human eyesight alone.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek , used a
single lens to view cells in the
1600’s.

in the 1830’s
• viewed organisms underneath
microscopes and verified that all
living things are made of cells.
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Microscope
• has a series of lenses that magnifies
the object in steps.

Microscope • electrons are aimed in a beam through
a magnetic field to focus them then,
through or over a specimen in a
vacuum, and finally onto a screen where
it forms a image.

Cells have to be limited in size by
natural laws.
•
enough to hold the
essential components
•
enough to accommodate
nutrients received and disposed.
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Large cells have less surface volume
relative to its size than small cells.
• So the bigger the cell doesn’t mean
more effective.

The smaller cells can be serviced
better by the cytoplasm.

Computer chip technology
• is similar to this natural
phenomena.

Eukaryote CELLS
(PLANT, ANIMAL, PROTIST &
FUNGI)
• range from 10 micrometers to 100
micrometers in diameter.

PROKAROTE CELLS (BACTERIA)
• are a lot smaller and structurally
simple

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is the first type of cell to evolve,
there are NO internal organelle
structures.
It has DNA and cytoplasm and most
likely single celled.

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Bacterial Cells
Capsules –
• Act as cell walls

Circular DNA
• Genetic information

coiled DNA
• No membrane for nucleoid region.

Prokaryotic cells
• are small and structurally simple
• Simple membrane bound cytoplasm
• DNA
• RNA

All Bacteria cells are Prokaryotes

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They can be single cell or multicellular organisms.
Eukaryote - The second type of cell
formed.
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Complexity
• Organelles

Nuclei

Plants have cell walls

Large Vacuole

Multi cellular and Unicellular
types have:
• Plant - multi
• Animal - multi
• Protist – single and multi
• Fungi - single and multi
Cell Composition

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Organelles
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Nucleus

Cell Wall (only in plants)
Animal & Plant Cell ORGANELLES

Eukaryotic cells have functional compartments:
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NUCLEUS – Contains:
• DNA – stores genetic information
• RNA – transmits genetic information

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Messenger - mRNA
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Transfer – tRNA
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Ribosomal - rRNA
Ribosome - makes proteins
• Assembles amino acids into polypeptides
polymers.
Animal & Plant Cell ORGANELLES

Flagella – motor transport of cell (Animal &
Protists)
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Centriole– helps cell division (Animal)

Lysosome – breaks down particles. (Animal)

Golgi Apparatus – stores and packages

Plasma Membrane – regulates entry in to
the cell and maintains homeostasis
Animal & Plant Cell Organelles
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport passage for the cells
chemicals.
Types of E.R.:
• Smooth – no ribosomes
• Rough – with ribosomes
Animal Cell Organelles

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Mitochondrion – energy generator of the
cell (battery)
Cytoskeleton – Supports the cells
structure
• Microtubule – comprises the cytoskeleton
• Microfilament - comprises the cytoskeleton
Plant Cell Organelles

Cell Wall – Composed of Cellulose
• Give strength and structure to plants

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Vacuole - Storage
Chloroplast – Absorb sunlight for
photosynthesis.
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1. All life forms are made from one
or more cells.
2. Cells only arise from pre-existing
cells.
3. The cell is the smallest form of
life. Cells
The Cell Theory

Schleiden and Schwann proposed the
cell theory in 1838,
• cell biology research was
forever changed.