Download Cell Notes - SchoolWorld an Edline Solution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
gFuEo2ccTPA
Muscle cells
Nerve cells
Fat cells
Bone cell
Epithelial cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
RrS2uROUjK4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYxDoP9ABHc
Cytology - the study of the structure, function
and diseases of cells
Three main ideas:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more
cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of organization
3. All cells come from preexisting cells (cell
division).
Prokaryotic Cell
-cells that lack a true nucleus and
membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic Cell
-has a true nucleus and membrane
bound organelles
• I. Structure:
– A. Cell Membrane is composed of a
phospholipid bilayer with proteins on its
surface or embedded in the membrane.
• II. Functions:
– A. Cell membrane functions in separating
the inside cell environment from the
outside environment and controls what
enters and leaves the cell (selectively
permeable).
Cell / Plasma Membrane
-Selectively permeable membrane
-Phospholipid bilayer / Double membrane
“water loving”
“water-fearing”
Cytoplasm - the clear liquid that is essentially
the site of metabolic rxns (gas exchange)
Nucleus - control center of cell, contains DNA
Nuclear membrane - a porous double layer membrane that
surrounds the nucleus and allows proteins
and chemical messages
to pass through
Nucleolus - a dense body composed of RNA and protein,
forms ribosomes, control center for cell
metabolism and reproduction
Chromatin - loosely coiled chromosomes made of protein
and DNA
Centrosome - two hollow cylinderical centrioles
Centriole - active in separating chromosomes in
cell division
Cilia - small hairlike structures on the surface of
the cell membrane, wavelike motion.
Flagella - longer projection on the surface of the
cell, undulating whip-like motion.
Ribosomes - composed of protein and RNA, sites of
protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - a network of tubes that
transport materials, contain ribosomes
on their surface
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - transports materials,
synthesize lipids
Golgi Apparatus - flat sacs that package and transport
proteins “post office”
Lysosomes - digest worn out cellular parts or toxins
“stomach of cell”
Mitochondria - release and transform energy into useable
forms “powerhouse of cell”
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/olc/dl/120067/bio01.swf
Cytoskeleton - provides support and structure for the
cell.
Microtubules - long, hollow cylindrical tubules involved in
cell division and provide support and structure
for the cell
Intermediate Filaments – give the cell strength and stability
Microfilaments - long, solid cylindrical tubules involved
in cell shape and the movement of organelles
Vesicles/Vacuole - are membranebound sacs that hold materials.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
RSTB57a6Uzk&feature=related
Plant Cell
Differences
1. Cell wall
2. No centrioles
3. Plastids (Chloroplasts, Leucoplasts, Chromoplasts)
4. 1 large vacuole
Plant Cells contain cell wall and chloroplast
Cell Wall – surrounds the plasma membrane; supports
and protects the cell from changes in water
pressure
Vacuole
• Fluid filled sac used for storage of materials
needed by cell.
Chloroplasts - a plastid that contains chlorophyll and
traps light energy to produce glucose.
Chromoplasts - contain accessory pigments, especially
carotenoids. They are common in flowers
and fruits.
Red bell pepper
Marigold
Leucoplasts - plastids that lack color
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
o1GQyciJaTA&feature=related
Passive Transport
•substance goes with the concentration gradient
•requires no cellular energy
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration
Diffusion
• Diffusion : the net movement of particles
from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1903
Key factors in the rate of diffusion: concentration, temperature,
and pressure.
Diffusion
Simple Diffusion- molecules and ions pass from areas
of higher concentration to areas of lower
concentrations.
http://www.indiana.edu/~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/diff.html
Facilitated diffusion- requires a carrier molecule for
diffusion to take place.
What is Equilibrium?
• Equilibrium : when concentrations are
equal and the net movement
of particles is equal.
Osmosis - water diffuses from higher concentration
to lower concentration
*selectively permeable - allows water to
flow freely but not glucose
A. Isotonic - equilibrium of water and solute
B. Hypertonic - higher concentration of solute
outside the cell (in the solution)
Animal cell – shrink/shrivel
Plant cell – limp, flaccid
C. Hypotonic - lesser concentration of solute
outside the cell (in the solution)
Animal cell – burst
Plant cell – swell, stiff
*Visual of Hypertonic, Hypotonic and Isotonic
http://www.connect.ab.ca/~lburns/students_tenunit2note.ht
ml
http://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm - Osmosis
http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/
transport1.html
http://www.biologie.u
ni-hamburg.de/bonline/library/biology
http://www.nclark.net/BioChapter8
107/bi107vc/fa99/terr
y/membranes.html
Active Transport
-requires energy (ATP), goes against concentration
gradient, uses transport proteins
Shortcut to ATPpumA.gif.lnk
http://www.biologie.unihamburg.de/bonline/library/biology10
7/bi107vc/fa99/terry/im
ages/ATPpumA.gif
Vessicular Transport
Endocytosis - when particles enter into the cell by means of
a vesicle.
1. Pinocytosis : liquids enter into the cell in a vesicle
2. Phagocytosis : solids enter into the cell in a vesicle
Vessicular Transport
Exocytosis : particles and liquids exit out of the cell
Remember………
•
1.
2.
3.
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Passive Transport- no energy used
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport- Energy used. ATP
Protein pumps
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
• http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer
/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell
_structure.htm