Download Cell Parts and Functions

Cell Parts and Functions
• 1590- invention of the microscope made it
possible to look at very small objects
(Janssen)
• 1663- Robert Hooke observed cells in a
piece of cork.
• 1674 Leeuwenhoek viewed single celled
organisms from a pond and observed the
first bacteria.
• 1838 Schleiden, a German scientist,
concluded that all plants are made from
cells
• 1839 Schwann, a German scientist
concluded that all animals are made from
cells
• 1855 Virchow proposed that all new cells
come from cells that already exist.
Cell Theory
• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
function in living things.
• All cells are produced from other cells.
Structure
• Structure- what it is made of and how it is
put together.
– Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
– Brain cell, brain tissue, brain, nervous system
– Different organs work together to form an
organ system (brain, spinal cord, nerves,
glands, muscles)
Function
• Function- are processes that allow an
organism to stay alive and reproduce.
– Obtaining oxygen, getting rid of waste,
obtaining food, growth
– Organs and organ systems work together to
accomplish different functions.
– Your respiratory system works to bring in
oxygen while it is the circulatory system that
distributes the oxygen to all the cells in the
body.
How Big are Cells?
• One square centimeter of your skin contains
more than 100,000 cells.
• Are all cells the same size?
• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/
cells/scale/
• Are all cells the same size?
Cell Membrane
• “Gatekeeper” of cell
• Has pores in it
• Controls the movement of
material
• 3 layers – fat layer between
two proteins
Cell membrane is like a
guard.
Cytoplasm
• Most of the cell
• Where cell
materials are
produced
Cytoplasm is like
•
Made
of
a
jellylike
the factory
substance
building
Nucleus
• Controls cell
activity
• The “Brains” of
the cell
The Nucleus is like
the Boss’ office
Nuclear Membrane
• Same make up as
the cell membrane
• Controls movement
of materials into the
nucleus
The Nuclear Membrane
is like the boss’ secretary
Nucleolus
• Where the genetic
material (DNA) is
housed
The Nucleolus is
like the boss
Mitochondrion
• The “Powerhouse
of the cell
• Involved in
changes that
release energy for
the cell
Mitochondria are like the
power plants of the cell.
Ribosomes
• Proteins are made
there
Ribosomes are like the stations on an assembly
line.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Network of tubes
that connect the
cell and nuclear
membrane.
• Moves materials
through the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum is
like an assembly line.
Vacuole
• Holds water and
dissolved materials
A vacuole is like the warehouse
Golgi body
• Where the proteins
are packaged
The Golgi body is like the final
inspection station/wrapping
department
Lysosomes
• The “Garbagemen”
of the cell
• Digests harmful
substance and
cleans the cell
The lysosomes are like
the custodians
Cell wall
• Nonliving layer
surrounding the
cell membrane
• Provides shape
and support
• Found only in
plants
The cell wall is
like the outer
fence.
Chloroplasts
• Contains
chlorophyll
• Found mostly in
leaves
• Used by the plant
to make food
The chloroplasts
are like the
cafeteria.
The End