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Introduction to Cell Cycle How Organisms Grow Cellular Reproduction We ALL need it and do it. How are these children different from you and I? They have a genetic disorder Cell reproduction depends on… 1. Cells making more cells = cell division Cell division Parent Cell Daughter Cell Daughter cell 2. New cells being working replicas of the original cell. Cell Theory • States that ALL cells come from preexisting cells • Cell division is the process where new cells are produced from one cell – The result is two cells that are identical to the original, parent cell. Why ALL Need Cellular Reproduction: • If unicellular: – Needed for individual reproductio n – *Binary Fission •Asexual •If multicellular: -Needed for reproduction -Needed for growth -Needed for repair and replacement Cell reproduction depends on… 1. Cells making more cells = cell division Cell division Parent Cell Daughter Cell Daughter cell 2. New cells being working replicas of the original cell. How does all of this occur? Q1 • Where is the information used to “control” the cell located? – The Nucleus Q2 • What is located in the Nucleus – DNA – Chromosomes What is inside the Nucleus • The nucleus contains DNA – The cells instrument book • DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomes • Before cell reproduction, it must copy the chromosomes – This copy must be accurate WHY? How does all of this occur? Q3 • What must be done to make sure each new cell gets a set of “control” information? – The contents of the nucleus must be COPIED. – This is called replication. – Replication makes sure to get one complete set of contents into each of the new cells How does all of this occur? Q4 • What is the name of the process or processes that make sure this gets done? – Mitosis = nuclear division, body cells – Meiosis = nuclear division, sex cells – Cytokinesis = division of the cytoplasm Set-up • Label each of the flaps – – – – – – 1st: Cell Cycle 2nd: Interphase 3rd: Prophase 4th: Metaphase 5th: Anaphase 6th: Telophase • Write up and down on flap Set-up Cont. • Fold up first flap to expose glue portion. You will take cell cycle notes here • Continue trend for each labeled flap st 1 Flap: Cell Cycle • Write length wise • Paste picture of the Cell Cycle here (The dial chart looking one) • Cell grows, prepares for division, divides to form 2 daughter cells, an exact copy nd 2 Flap: Interphase • Includes 3 Phases • Paste interphase picture here. • G1: Cells increase in size and make new proteins and organelles. • Synthesis (S): Chromosomes are replicated and synthesis of DNA molecules occurs • G2: Shortest phase, used as check system. Is cell ready? rd 3 • • • • • • • Flap: Prophase 1st Phase (along top) Paste Prophase picture here. Longest phase Chromosomes visible Centrioles separate Envelope disappears Draw picture of prophase (pg247) th 4 • • • • • Flap: Metaphase 2nd Phase (along top) Paste Metaphase picture here. Lasts few minutes Chrom. Line up across center Microtubules connect the centromere to each chrom. • Draw pic. Of metaphase (pg 247) th 5 Flap: Anaphase • 3rd Phase (along top) • Paste Anaphase picture here. • Sister chrom. Separate toward poles • Ends when chrom. Stop moving • Draw pic of anaphase (pg 247) th 6 • • • • • Flap: Telophase 4th Phase (along top) Paste telophase picture here. Nuclear envelope reforms Mitosis complete Draw picture of telophase (pg 246) Cytokinesis • 7th flap • This is the division of the cytoplasm. • Hand draw cytokinesis here. (It looks similar to telophase except the cells are completely separated.