Download Cells - Sonoma Valley High School

Cell Overview
Answer all “Think” prompts on the left side of your notes.
The cell
• Cells are highly
organized collections
of molecules.
• Cells are basic unit of
structure and function
of life.
Think: the cells in the bottom picture are human blood cells. Why don’t they all
look the same?
Discovery of the cell
– Robert Hooke (1665)
observed cell walls of cork
cells.
– Leeuwenhoek (1673) first
living cells observed.
Robert Hooke
Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Cell theory
• All living things are
composed of one or
more cells.
• Cells are the basic
unit of structure &
function.
• Cells come only from
the reproduction of
existing cells.
Nucleus of elodea cell
Think: what does it mean to be the basic unit of structure and function? Why
are these 2 things connected?
Two cell types
• Prokaryotic cells
–
–
–
–
Most primitive cell
Evolved 3.9 Billion years ago
Cells before organized nucleus.
Bacteria (anaerobic respiration)
Eukaryotic
• Eukaryotic cells
– Complex cells
– Evolved 2.5 BYA
– All multicellular organisms
have this type (aerobic
respiration)
Prokaryotic
Think: Pro means 1st. How will this help you remember which kind of cell is which?
Cell Diversity
• Highly variable in size and shape.
• Structure is adaptation to function.
• The shape of a cell is determined by its job
• Limitations on size
– Surface area to volume ratio.
Think: Think of some eating
utensils. What are their
structures and functions?
All cells have
• A cell membrane AKA
plasma membrane
• Cytoplasm
– The jelly like substance
that the organelles float
in
• Ribosomes
– Produce proteins
• DNA
– The genetic information
Plant Cell Vs Animal Cell
Plants have three types of
organelles that animals lack.
– Chloroplasts
• Photosynthesis
– Central vacuole
• Storage & structure
– Cell wall
• Support structure
• Animal cells are the only
cells w/o a cell wall
Typical Plant Cell
In a paragraph answer the
following in your summary
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the simplest type of cell?
What are the components of cell theory?
What do all cell have?
Name 3 ways plants cell are different
than animal cells.