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WHY study music? 1. Musician 2. Advertising 3. Presentations at work or party 4. Knowledge to impress co-workers 5.putting on a profession show 6. arts separate us as a species (for enjoyments sake) What is Music? Organized sound in time? Performance was only media today blessed with high quality recordings and playback mobile devices plus unprecedented access to all kinds of music. What is Sound? Vibrations interpreted by Brain into anything you hear • • • • • FOUR MAIN properties of sound : Pitch Dynamics Tone Color Rhythm (time) • FOUR MAIN properties of sound : Pitch, Dynamics, Tone Color, and Rhythm(time) • PITCH: highness or lowness of defiant vibrations (frequency of sound waves)= tones (440 cycles per second) distance between two tones is interval ( i.e. 440 to 460) tones that are doubled or half are called octave (i.e 220 to 440 to 880) In western music octave is divided into twelve tones Nonwestern can have more. Definite pitch (piano, guitar, trumpets, keyboards) Vs. Indefinite (drums, percussive) • DYNAMICS: degrees of loudness and softness (amplitude) • accent= play one or few notes differently than those around it • dynamic markings = pp(pianissimo) ,p (piano) ,mp (mezzo piano),mf (mezzo forte),f (forte),ff (fortissimo) • crescendo & decrescendo • TONE COLOR: timbre = bright, dark, brilliant, mellow, rich, ect… • By combining instruments, using different ways to play them and with today’s electronics almost and infinite amount of tone colors available. • Rhythm (time) • • • • How fast or slow (tempo) (BPM) Number of beats in a measure Feels (laidback, on top,ect..) All instruments or vocalist play time • Stravinsky = Listen for: Crescendo / Gradual addition of instruments/ repetition of same melody at different pitch / sudden dynamic change / crescendo to ending • Ellington = listen for : repeated note melody / tone color changes as melody passes to different instruments / brass using mutes / full band at end • HOW VOCALS RELATE TO PITCH/ DYNAMICS/ TONE COLOR/ RHYTHM • pitch octaves (12 notes on piano) • VOICES = Singing styles use all 4 or some of the properties of music plus introduces words and story telling. • Pitch Range of vocal= pro singers can get up to 2 octaves (octave is doubled same pitch freq 220hz 440hz 880hz ect.) • larger vocal chords make larger sine wavs (lower pitch) four basic ranges: SOPRANO, ALTO, TENOR, BASS • Methods of singing or singing style differ with how singer uses the four types of sound & lyrically content. • Examples – Opera uses wide pitch range, tone color of singer?, lots of dynamics, and varying rhythms • JAZZ = good pitch range but less than Opera / dynamics Big/ rhythm varies but less, goes with the groove/ • Rock / Pop = usually uses less pitch range, tone color of singer, some dynamics, less rhythmic variations • Hip Hop / Rap = usually uses almost no pitch range , tone color of singer, less dynamics, relies heavily on rhythm