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Cosmic genesis Physical Laws Drive the Formation of Structure in the Universe Fred C. Adams Physics Department, University of Michigan SATURDAY MORNING PHYSICS How did we get here? Four Forces of Nature Gravity Electromagnetism Strong Weak Classical (19th century) Physics Quantum Mechanics Chaos Our Universe Relativity Cosmic Timeline (uchicago.edu) GSWE The Inflationary Universe (Guth/Wudka) (G vs G) Time in seconds Matter > Antimatter (members.aol.com) S vs time t < 1 second: Dark Matter Freezes Out Dark matter abundance freezes before the universe is 1 second old W vs G The synthesis of light elements begins when the universe is one second old (physics.uoregon.edu) S vs E vs G Helium Deuterium Lithium (Schramm) COBE Blackbody Intensity T = 2.723 Kelvin frequency E WMAP: Cosmic Background Radiation E vs G The VIRGO consortium G Andromeda: Our sister galaxy Cosmological Parameters cmb 0% baryons 4% dark matter 27% dark energy 69% Fates of the Universe Fates of the Universe Accelerating G 14 Gyr 54 Gyr Busha, Adams, Evrard, and Wechsler 2003 92 Gyr Island Universe Every galaxy has a supermassive black hole anchoring its center Mbh = millions to billions of Suns Gravity wins! G (astro.cf.ac.uk) Every galaxy produces about one million stellar mass black holes (Gravity wins again) G (life-enhancement.com) EM radiation Stars are still forming today The Eagle Nebula (Hester et al.) Orion The Stages of Star Formation Gravity vs Pressure C B A Spectral Class (Faulkes) The fifty (50) nearest stars Our Sun is the fourth largest! The Periodic Table of Elements (aether.lbl.edu) S,W S,W vs E Late Nuclear Burning Stages of a Massive Star - just before IGNITION (Faulkes) G,E,S,W Distribution of Stellar Masses Stars that explode Brown dwarfs Stars that become white dwarfs Galaxy continues to make new stars. Time scales are lengthened by: - Recycling - Infall onto disk - Reduced SF rate Star formation continues until the galaxy runs out of gas (trillions of years from now) The smallest, longest lived stars last for tens of trillions of years Star formation continues until the galaxy runs out of gas (trillions of years from now) The smallest, longest lived stars last for tens of trillions of years Our universe is young: Only one tenth of one percent of the Stelliferous Era has Extrasolar Planets! California planet search California planet search Planets form out of circumstellar disks G. Bryden G,E Comets can carry water to newborn terrestrial planets But most water for Earth probably came from hydrogenated rocks Galilean Satellites: Icy worlds are easy to make Ganymede Callisto Io Eur E Our universe seems to have just the right version of the laws of physics so that LIFE CAN EMERGE Our universe seems to have just the right version of the laws of physics so that LIFE CAN EMERGE WHY? G’S’W’E’ GSWE Here and Now For further reading: • Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the physics of eternity, Fred Adams & Greg Laughlin, 1999 • Origins of Existence: How life emerged in the universe, Fred Adams, 2002 Hawking Radiation Virtual particles Black hole GM Rs TH 1/(8GM) 10 yearsM / M o 65 3 Earth swallowed by the Sun Red Dwarf saves Earth moon red dwarf sun earth Red dwarf captures the Earth Sun exits with one red dwarf as a binary companion 9000 year interaction Sun and Earth encounter binary pair of red dwarfs Earth exits with the other red dwarf Primordial Era • • • • • • • The Big Bang Inflation Matter > Antimatter Quarks -> protons, neutrons Nuclear synthesis of the light elements Cosmic Microwave Background Universe continues to expand Four Stages of Star Formation: G vs P
