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Tycho Brahe Nose Astronomy In the Beginning • Born December 14, 1546 in Denmark. • Son of Otto Brahe and Beate Bille. Two of Denmark’s most influential families. • Born with a stillborn twin brother. • Kidnapped by his uncle Jörgen Brahe. Uncle Jörgen Brahe • Otto Brahe’s brother Jörgen was married, but childless. He was not capable of producing a family of his own. • According to one account, Otto and Beate promised Jörgen their first son, but changed their minds. • Jörgen kidnapped Tycho after 1 year, while Beate was pregnant with their second. Uncle Jörgen • In all of the accounts, Uncle Jörgen illegally took Tycho. • Somehow it was resolved, probable due to Otto and Beate’s newborn boy, Steen. • Tycho was raised as an only child, with far more attention than he would have received with his birth parents and 7 other siblings. Difference of Opinion • Tycho’s interest in astronomy peeked at the early age of 13 due to witnessing a forecasted partial solar eclipse. • Jörgen wanted Tycho to study law • Jörgen dies in 1565 – Rescued the King from drowning, resulted in pneumonia • Tycho, age of 19, is now his own man supported by a sizable inheritance. Completely abandons law and concentrates on astronomy. The Fools Duel • In December of 1566, Tycho and a Danish countryman, Parsbjerg, participate in a drunken quarrel over which is the better mathematician. • Their “duel” takes place in a pitch black night. Tycho Nose Better • Parsbjerg’s sword slices of the bridge of Tycho’s nose. • Tycho replaces missing piece with a gold and silver alloy painted the color of his flesh and kept in place by a piece of wax. The Island of Venus (Hveen) • King Frederick II got word that Tycho might be leaving Denmark. He gave Tycho an offer he couldn’t refuse. • The Island of Hveen, 2000 acres. Tools of the Trade • Gigantic Quadrant. • Measures altitude of stars to the nearest arc minute. This has not been prior to Tycho. Tools continued • Constructed a 5 foot diameter globe where he would accurately fix the positions of all the stars from his observations. • 1000 stars More tools • Sextant for measuring the angular distance between two celestial bodies. New Star • A supernova was observed in Cassiopeia for 18 months. • Using a sextant he observed that the new star was not moving in relationship to other stars. • This observation challenged the beliefs of the time that the heavens remain unchanged. A Star is Born • Published De Nova Stella (On the New Star) in 1573 • Tycho’s careful attention to detail supported by scientific documentation left little in doubt. • Establishes Tycho as astronomer throughout Europe. • The remnant is now known as Tycho’s Star, even though he was not the 1st to discover it. (The SNR remnant is visible as a nebula) The Comet of 1577 • Observed for over 2 months. • Tycho calculated it was at least 6 lunar distances away from Earth. This distance puts it in the Ptolemaic models region of fixed stars. • This was another blow to the geocentric beliefs. Tycho’s Universe • Tycho was not a fan of Copernicus’ heliocentric universe, but he now had doubts about the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic model. • He developed the Tychonic System Tychonic System • Moon revolving around the centered Earth. • The Sun orbits the Earth, but all planets and comets revolve around the Sun. Just keep recording stuff. • Tycho was responsible for instituting immense changes in the techniques of celestial observation. • Unlike Copernicus or Kepler, he was not an innovator of astronomical concepts. • However, he did lay the groundwork for the new precision upon which astronomy and all the other modern sciences rest. Adios Denmark • Tycho’s pride gets him kicked off the Island. • Moves to Prague and meets Kepler. • Goes to a royal dinner party and drinks too much (as usual). Follows the etiquette of the time and does not stand before the King. • Causes major damage to his bladder (blew up). • “Let me not be thought to have lived in vain.” • Kepler uses Tycho’s info to produce the 3 laws of planetary motion. Did his bladder blow up • Forensics studies of Tycho’s exhumed body may provide evidence that he did not die from bladder related complications, but rather from Mercury poison (a common method of assassination at the time). THE END