Download The Solar System - Solon City Schools

The Solar System
Chapter 2
We are learning to: explain that gravitational force
determines motions in the solar system and keeps the
planets in orbit around the sun.
We are looking for: explanation that
*All objects in the solar system have gravity.
*Sun has the greatest mass, thus has the greatest
gravitational pull within our solar system.
*Since planets have inertia, they do not get pulled into
the sun.
*Gravity keeps the planets in orbit.
Models of the Solar System



In the geocentric
model, Earth is at the
center of the revolving
planets.
Aristotle stated that the
earth was in the center
of the solar system.
Ptolemy stated that the
earth was in the center
of the universe. He
thought that the
planets moved in small
circles as they moved
around the earth.
Models of the Solar System


In the heliocentric
model, Earth and
the other planets
revolve around the
sun.
This model was
developed by
Nicolaus
Copernicus.
Galileo
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

Used a telescope
to view the solar
system.
Observed the four
larger moons that
orbited Jupiter.
Observed the
phases of Venus
Brahe & Kepler


Brahe carefully
observed the
positions of the
planets.
Kepler had wrote
laws that explained
the behavior of
planets orbiting the
sun.
Kepler’s Laws of Motion

LAW 1: The orbit of
a planet/comet
about the Sun is an
ellipse with the
Sun's center of
mass at one focus
Kepler’s Laws of Motion

LAW 2: A line
joining a
planet/comet and
the Sun sweeps out
equal areas in
equal intervals of
time
Kepler’s Laws of Motion

LAW 3: The farther
a planet is from the
sun, the longer the
orbital period.
Forces that Keeps Planets in
Orbit Around the Sun

Newton concluded
that two factors,
inertia & gravity,
combine to keep the
planets in orbit.


Inertia is
tendency of an
object to resist a
change in motion.
Gravity is the
force that attract
all objects toward
each other.
What is an object’s resistance to
a change in motion?
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Gravity
Inertia
Mass
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Predict what would happen if Earth stopped
its forward motion around the sun?
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It will hit the nearest
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It will get pulled into the
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It will continue to revolve.
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What keeps planets revolving
around the sun?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The sun’s gravitational
pull.
The planet’s mass.
The planet’s magnetic
field.
The Sun’s inertia.
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Please copy circle and do
this.

Orbit

Gravity
Fill in two words that
closely relate to the
two words given.
Write a paragraph
explaining the
significance of each
word and how they fit
together to form a
concept?
The Sun


The sun produces its energy
from nuclear fusion (core
must reach 15 million degree
Celsius).
Sun’s Atmosphere:



The photosphere is the
inner layer of the sun
that makes light.
The chromosphere is
the middle layer and
produces color.
The corona is the outer
layer of the sun and
produces ultraviolet
radiation.
Solar Features

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Solar winds are a stream
of electrically charged
particles coming from the
corona.
Sunspots are areas of gas
on the sun that are cooler
than the gases around
them.
Prominences are reddish
loops of gas.
Solar flares are large
explosions of gas on
photosphere.
Inner Planets

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Total of eight
planets in our solar
system.
The inner planets
are also called the
terrestrial planets.
Small in Size.
Have rocky
surfaces.
Mercury
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Mercury is 0.4 AU
from the sun.
Diameter is 4,878 km.
Rotates every 59
days.
Revolves around the
sun every 88 days.
Very thin atmosphere.
0 moons.
Temperature between
-170oC to 430oC.
Very heavily cratered.
Venus
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Venus is 0.7 AU from the
sun.
Diameter is 12,104 km.
Rotates every 243 days
(retrograde).
Revolves around the sun
every 225 days.
Very thick atmosphere of
CO2.
0 moons.
Temperature 460oC
(Greenhouse Effect).
Sulfuric acid rain.
Earth

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Earth is 1.0 AU from the
sun.
Diameter is 12,756 km.
Rotates every 24 hours.
Revolves around the sun
every 365.25 days.
Atmosphere of 78%
nitrogen and 21 %
oxygen.
1 moons.
Temperature ?oC.
70% of Earth’s surface is
covered by water.
We are learning to:
*Compare the composition and orbits of comets and
asteroids with that of Earth.
We are looking for:
Composition of comets, asteroids, and Earth
1. Earth is composed of rock with many layers and has
a core of dense metal
2.Comets are composed of ice and dust (dirty snowball)
3. Asteroids are composed of chunks of solid rock with
heavy metal
Orbits of comets, asteroids, and Earth’s
1.Earth’s orbit is elliptical
2. Comet’s orbit is elongated and elliptical
3. Asteroids are elliptical and orbit in the asteroid belt
or the Kuiper belt.
Mars
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Mars is 1.5 AU from the
sun.
Diameter is 6794 km.
Rotates every 24 hours.
Revolves around the sun
every 687 days.
Thin atmosphere of CO2.
2 moons(Phobos &
Deimos).
Temperature -153oC to
20oC.
Polar caps of dry ice.
Olympus mons is the
largest volcano in the
solar system.
Outer Planets (Jovian
Planets)


Found outside the
asteroid belt between the
asteroids and the Kuiper
Belt.
These planets are large
and made of gas.
Jupiter
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Jupiter is 5.2 AU from the
sun.
Diameter is 142,984 km.
Rotates every 9.9 hours.
Revolves around the sun
every 11.9 years.
Thick atmosphere of
hydrogen & Helium.
63 moons (Io, Europa,
Callisto & Ganymede).
Temperature -110oC.
Great Red spot is a large
storm.
Has a ring system.
Saturn
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Saturn is 9.6 AU from
the sun.
Diameter is 120,536 km.
Rotates every 10.7 hours.
Revolves around the sun
every 29.4 years.
Thick atmosphere of
hydrogen & helium.
60 moons (Titan).
Temperature -140oC.
Has an extensive ring
system.
Uranus
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Uranus is 19.1 AU from
the sun.
Diameter is 51,200 km.
Rotates every 17.3 hours.
Revolves around the sun
every 84 years.
Thick atmosphere of
hydrogen & helium, with
traces of methane.
27 moons.
Temperature -195oC.
Has a ring system.
Axis is tilted 90o.
Neptune
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Neptune is 30 AU from
the sun.
Diameter is 49,500 km.
Rotates every 16.1 hours.
Revolves around the sun
every 165 years.
Thick atmosphere of
hydrogen & helium.
13 moons (Triton).
Temperature -200oC.
Has an ring system.
Had a Great Dark Spot
that has since
disappeared.
Asteriod Belt
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Asteroids are objects
revolving around the sun
that are too small and too
numerous to be
considered planets.
The asteroid belt is
located between Mars
and Jupiter.
Asteroids include Ceres,
Pallas, Juno and Vesta.
Over 300 asteroids have
been identified.
Kuiper Belt

The region of the Solar
System beyond the
planets extending from
the orbit of Neptune (at
30 AU) to approximately
55 AU from the Sun.
Meteoroids, Meteors &
Meteorites
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Meteoroids are pieces of
rocks flying through
space.
Meteors are meteoroids
that have entered the
earth’s atmosphere,
burning up because of
friction.
Meteorites are meteors
that reach the surface of
earth.
Oort Cloud & Comets
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The Oort cloud is where
the comets are found.
Comets are dirty
snowballs that orbit the
sun.
A comet has a head and
tail, the head is made of
the nucleus and coma.
The tail of the comet
always points away from
the sun because of the
solar winds.
Halley’s comet appears
every 76 years.
Distance is a factor that affects the amount of
gravity between objects. What other factor
affects the amount of gravity between objects?
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Velocity
Mass
Inertia
Acceleration
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The flash of light produced when a
meteoroid passes through the Earth’s
atmosphere is a(n)
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Asteroid
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An icy object that has an elongated
orbit around the sun is referred to as
a(n)….
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Asteroid
Comet
Meteor
Meteorite
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Which of the following applies to meteoroids
and asteroids.
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They are similar in size.
They are rocky and/or
metallic.
They are composed of
frozen gases, ice, and
dust.
They orbit the sun in
highly elliptical patterns.
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Why does a meteoroid or asteroid create a streak
of light when entering the Earth’s atmosphere?
A.
B.
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Light from the sun is
reflected of the surface of
each
Energy is released form
the objects
Lightning is produced form
these objects
Light is a result of friction
from the gasses in the
atmosphere
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Which of the following objects would cause
the most damage if it hit the Earth?
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Review Questions
How many planets are there?
8
 Which forces keep planets in orbit
around the sun?
 Gravity & inertia
 Which planet has the largest volcano?
 Mars

Review Questions
Which planet has the great red spot?
 Jupiter
 Which planet has the Greenhouse
Effect?
 Venus
 Which planet rotates on its side?
 Uranus

Review Questions
What is located between Jupiter &
Mars?
 Asteroid belt
 Where are all the comets found?
 Oort cloud
 What do we call a piece of rock
burning in the earth’s atomosphere?
 meteor

Review Questions
What does Kepler say in his first law?
 Planets orbit in elliptical orbits
 Where are the dwarf planets found?
 Kuiper belt
 Which planets have rings?
 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune

Review Questions
According to Kepler, the planets
farther from the sun . . . .
 Take longer to revolve around the sun
 Which planet has the largest moon?
 Jupiter
 What is the name given to the theory
of the creation of our solar system?
 Nebular theory

Review Questions
What object in our solar system is
made of ice and dust?
 Comets
 What are the three parts of a comet?
 Nucleus, coma & tail
 Which comet do we see every 76
years?
 Hailey’s Comet

Review Questions
Name the four terrestrial planets.
 Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars
 Name the four gas giants.
 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune
 What is the closest star to Earth?
 The sun
