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SPACE 1 What is the effect of the Northern Hemisphere receiving the direct rays of the Sun? A The Northern Hemisphere is having winter. B The Northern Hemisphere is having spring. C The Northern Hemisphere is having summer. 2 School is out for the summer and Mario, who lives in Texas, wants to play an online game with his friend, Jack, who lives in Australia. Why can’t Jack stay up all night and play the game with Mario? A It’s not the same date in both places. B It’s not the same month in both places. C It’s not the same year in both places. D It’s winter and Jack is still in school. 3 Why did Anna and her family have to put special black-out curtains on their windows when they moved to Norway? A The area has 24 hours of daylight in the summer. B The area has 24 hours of daylight throughout the year. C The area has 24 hours of darkness in the summer. D The sunlight is brighter there. 4 The tilt of Earth has an affect on: A The levels of magnetism B The length of the year C Keeping Earth in orbit D The various seasons 5 Why do some birds spend April through September in Canada, but spend the rest of the year in Brazil? A They want to escape from hunting season. B The winter season in Canada limits the available food. C The birds need a change of scenery. D Earth rotates slower during the summer season in Brazil. 1 Sarah wants to make a model of the lunar cycle. It is important that the model: A Shows how Earth’s rotation causes day and night B Shows the revolution of Earth around the Sun C Is designed to be portable D Allows the Moon to be moved to show the orbit 2 Tyrone wants to plan a party to be held outside at night. He knows lighting may be a problem. When should Tyrone plan to have his party? A During the new Moon B During the full Moon C During the waxing crescent D During the last quarter 3 As depicted, the marines are planning to parachute troops into enemy territory at night and they don’t want to be seen from the ground. When should they schedule the mission? A During the new Moon B During the full Moon C During the waxing crescent D During the last quarter 4 Lynne has drawn a model of the lunar cycle. She tells her friend that it is complete except for the labels, which she will put on a key to the side. Lynne’s friend says that even with the key and labels, the model is not fully complete. Look at the picture provided of Lynne’s model. D Besides adding the labels to her key, what else should Lynne do to make the model complete? A Label Earth. B Put the labels next to the shapes. C Make the model more colorful. D Add the crescent Moon and gibbous Moon. 5 Laura and Martin are performing a play to represent the lunar cycle. As shown in the picture provided, during one part of the play, Laura’s costume begins as being flat and then becomes fatter and fatter while Martin’s costume is plumped out at the beginning, but slowly reduces in size. What part of the lunar cycle are Laura and Martin acting out? A Full Moon and new Moon B Day and night C Waxing and waning D First quarter and last quarter 1 How would the ocean tides be affected if Earth did not rotate on its axis? A There would be no change. B There would be spring and neap tides every day. C There would not be high tides and low tides each day. D There would not be any tides. D 3 You want to go surfing in the ocean. Which diagram below would produce the good waves for you to go surfing? A When the Moon is in position A. B When the Moon is in position A or C. C When the Moon is in position B. D When the Moon is in position B or D. 2 The Houston Ship Channel is an entry way to the Port of Houston. A very large, overloaded cargo ship is sailing to the Port of Houston. What information is important for the captain of the ship? A The predicted times of the high and low tides B Which other ships are in the port C Where the goods from the ship will be sent D The predicted times of the spring and neap tides 4 You have been asked to plan a sand sculpture competition on South Padre Island. What would be best to consult to pick a time for this event? A The Chamber of Commerce calendar B A calendar with moon phases C The predicted tide tables for the area D Your personal date book 5 A student is making a model of the Sun, Earth, and Moon system to show how the system effects the ocean tides. What are the two main contributors to ocean tides the student should include? A Gravitational forces and rotation of Earth on its axis B Phases of the Moon and distance from the Moon C Distance from the Sun and distance from the Moon D Gravitational forces and rotations of Moon on its axis Yellow Red Blue/White 1 The graphic above represents a model of three different stars. Which model is the best representation of our Sun? A The small blue/white star B The medium yellow star C The large red star D Our Sun is not represented here 2 Which letter depicts where our Sun is located relative to the center of the galaxy? A Letter A B Letter B C Letter C D Letter D 3 When you look up into the night sky, you see stars that are hundreds of times bigger and brighter than our Sun. Why does the Sun appear so much brighter than these other stars? A The Sun is yellow and so it appears brighter B The Sun is thousands of times closer and so it appears brighter C The Sun is hotter and so it appears brighter D The Sun is cooler and so it appears brighter 4 A student gave a report about Proxima Centauri. The report stated the Proxima Centauri is the closest star to Earth and can be found twinkling in the night sky. How could this report be made more accurate? A No change is needed. B Proxima Centauri is only seen in the daytime. C The Sun is the closest star to Earth. D Proxima Centauri does not twinkle. 5 When making a poster of the Sun, a student decides to include the length of time it takes a ray of light to travel from the Sun to Earth. What length, in minutes, of time should the student include on the poster? Grid your answer in the space below. 1 An object is observed through a telescope and described as filling the entire sky with a reddish color. What type of celestial object is being described? A A planetary nebula B A black hole C A star D A galaxy 2 A student observed the Cigar Galaxy through a telescope one night. He described this galaxy as having no shape. The stars seemed to be spread around with no particular pattern. The Cigar Galaxy could best be classified as a(n): A Spiral galaxy B Irregular galaxy C Abnormal galaxy D Elliptical galaxy 4 In the Herztsprung-Russell diagram above, we see a group of stars in the Main Sequence. What is the relationship between a star’s temperature and luminosity (brightness)? A As the temperature increases, the luminosity decreases. B As the temperature decreases, the luminosity increases. C As the temperature increases, the luminosity increases. D There is no relationship between temperature and luminosity. 5 What does the Herztsprung-Russell diagram tell us about the star, Betelgeuse? A It has low surface temperature and high luminosity. B It has high surface temperature and high luminosity. C It has low surface temperature and low luminosity. D It has high surface temperature and low luminosity. 1 Aliens Galaxy Distance from Earth (Light Years) W Canis Major Dwarf 26,093 X Draco Dwarf 257,669 Y Ursa Major 326,163 Z Andromeda II 2,120,063 If aliens living in each of these galaxies were looking at earth through telescopes at the same time, which aliens would be last to receive current information? A W B X C Y 2 An astronomer is describing the distance between two galaxies as 2.5 million light years. Why does the astronomer use the unit light year? A It describes the special time that happens in space. B The distances in space are so large that using smaller units is very difficult. C There is no other way to measure space. D Space really can’t be measured. 3 Planet Distance from Earth (Light Years) A 7.5 B 19.4 C 38.6 D 54.9 One day, astronauts might be able to explore space in space ships at the speed of light. Which planet could astronauts reach in less than 10 years? A A B B C C D D 4.2 light years Proxima Centauri 4 Earth Proxima Centauri is 4.2 light years away from Earth. How long has its light been traveling to reach us? A 4.2 minutes B 4.2 days C 4.2 months D 4.2 years 11.4 light years Earth Procyon A 5 The star, Procyon A, is 11.4 light years away from Earth. If there is intelligent life on a planet in that solar system, which is looking at Earth with a special telescope, what are they able to see? A Everything happening right now B What was happening 11.4 years ago C What will be happening in 11.4 years D What will be happening next year 1 Look at the representation of the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light 0.0001 nm Gamm a rays 100 m X-rays infrared Radio waves Ultraviolet What part of the electromagnetic spectrum can be observed with the unaided eye? A Visible light B Infrared light C Radio waves D Gamma rays 2 Astronomers use the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum to gain information about stars and galaxies. What type of observations can be made from wavelengths other than visible light? A The color of a star B The shape of a galaxy C The presence of a black hole D The age of a star 3 When astronomers look at the spectral lines of galaxies, they find all of them to be shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. What does this redshift tell us about the motion of the galaxies? A They are all moving toward some point. B They are all moving away from some point. C They are all in a fixed position and not moving. D Astronomers are not sure what this means. 4 If we observe white light with diffraction grating, we can observe all of the colors of the rainbow as shown in the picture provided. Why are we able to observe these different colors? A All of the colors have the same wavelength. B Colors are part of the electromagnetic spectrum and need special tools to be observed. C Some colors travel faster to our eyes than others. D Different colors have different wavelengths. CHEMISTRY 1 This type of subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of an atom. It is electrically neutral. What is it? A Proton B Neutron C Positron D Electron 2 What particles would you find in this area of an atom? A Protons and neutrons B Electrons and protons C Protons and electrons D Neutrons and electrons 3 Scientists now believe that electrons are found in a cloud around the nucleus but we still use the Bohr model to model the atom. What is a major limitation of the Bohr model? A It leads us to believe that electrons are found in the nucleus. B It leads us to believe the nucleus is in the center of the atom. C It leads us to believe that protons and neutrons are in the nucleus. D It leads us to believe electrons orbit the nucleus like planets. 4 There are three main types of subatomic particles in an atom. Which of these particles balance the charge of the atom? A Protons and neutrons B Electrons and neutron C Protons and electrons D Protons, electrons, and neutrons Subatomic Particle Symbol Mass in amu Proton p+ 1.00728 amu Neutron no 1.00867 amu Electron e- 0.000549 amu 5 You need to find the mass of an atom. This atom contains 8 neutrons, 7 electrons, and 7 protons. What is the mass of this atom (in whole numbers)? 1 Analyze the following scenario: Two unknown atoms are involved in a chemical reaction that forms a new molecule. Which question would help you identify each of the atoms? A How many protons does each atom have? B How many valence electrons does each atom have? C How many neutrons does each atom have? D Did the reaction occur slowly? 2 An element has 29 electrons and 64 neutrons. How many protons will it have it it is a neutral atom? A 64 protons B 32 protons C 30 protons D 29 protons 3 An atom has seven valence electrons. How will its number of valence electrons influence its chemical properties? A It increases the likelihood it is a metal. B It decreases its reactivity with other atoms. C It decreases the chances it will turn into a negative ion. D It increases its reactivity with other atoms. 4 Examine the model below. How will chlorine react if it is combined with a sodium atom with one valence electron? A Sodium will gain chlorine’s 7 valence electrons to fill its outer shell. B Sodium will gain 3 valence electrons from chlorine to equalize their valence electrons. C Chlorine will gain sodium’s 1 valence electron to fill its outer shell. D Chlorine will lose 3 valence electrons to sodium to equalize their valence electrons. 1 The atomic masses of the elements follow a pattern on the Periodic Table. Finish this sentence: The atomic masses of the elements increase: A From bottom to top B From right to left C From left to right D In random order 2 Using your Periodic Table, predict which element would have similar properties to Sulfur? A Chlorine B Sodium C Selenium D Nitrogen 3 An element is normally found as a gas and cannot conduct heat and electricity. 3 2 1 4 Referring to the diagram of the Periodic Table provided, where on the Periodic Table would this element most likely be located? A Location 1 B Location 2 C Location 3 D Location 4 4 Examine the diagram of the Periodic Table provided. What is increasing as you move from left to right? A The atomic number B The number of subatomic particles C The number of valence electrons D All of the above 5 You need to identify a particular element. It is in the same group as Helium (He) and the same period as Silver (Ag). What is the atomic mass of this element (in amu)? 1 Look at the chemical formula provided. (NH4)2CO3 How many atoms of hydrogen (H) are found in this substance? A 2 B 4 C 6 D 8 2 With respect to the Law of Conservation of Mass, what is the most accurate way to describe what happens to the atoms involved in a chemical reaction? A The reactant atoms are destroyed, and new product atoms are formed. B The reactant atoms are rearranged to form new compounds called the products. C Nothing happens to the atoms during the reaction. D Additional atoms are required in order to make the products. 3 Which equation best obeys the Law of Conservation of Mass? A N2 + 3H2 2NH3 B H2 + O2 2H2O C 2Ag2O Ag2 + O2 D N2 + H2 NH3 4 What is wrong with the chemical equation shown? A It is not balanced. It follows the Law of Conservation of Mass. B It is not balanced. It does not follow the Law of Conservation of Mass. C It is a balanced equation. There is nothing wrong with it. D It is a balanced equation. It follows the Law of Conservation of Mass. 5 Which equation below is correctly balanced? A C12H22O11 + 12O2 6CO2 + 11H2O B 2C12H22O11 + 12O2 24CO2 + 11H2O C C12H22O11 + 12O2 12CO2 + 22H2O D C12H22O11 + 12O2 12CO2 + 11H2O 6 C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for glucose. How many atoms of oxygen would there be in two molecules of glucose? A 1 B 6 C 12 D 24