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Download Planets of Our Solar System
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1. The Solar System Solar System to Scale (size) 2. The Sun is the center of our solar system. First proposed by Copernicus in 1543. People used to think the solar system was Geocentric (Earth Centered) • Early Greeks created this model • Problems with it included retrograde motion of planets (a figure 8 path) • • http://www.lasalle.edu/~smithsc/Astronomy/retr ograd.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72FrZz_zJFU Later observations confirmed the Heliocentric Model (Sun Centered) • Described in 1543 by Copernicus • Confirmed by Galileo using his telescope to observe Venus 3. The Sun contains 99.86% of all the Solar System’s mass. • The force of gravity from the sun holds our solar system together. • The larger an object’s mass, the greater its gravitational force. 4. Planets closer to the Sun orbit the Sun FASTER than planets farther from the Sun. • • http://janus.ast ro.umd.edu/ja vadir/orbits/ss v.html http://www.kid sastronomy.co m/solar_syste m.htm 5. Which planet takes longer to orbit the Sun? • • • • • Neptune or Jupiter? Mars or Earth? Venus or Mercury? Uranus or Saturn? Pluto takes 248 years to complete one orbit! 6. Why doesn’t Mercury have an atmosphere? • No atmosphere due to – low gravitational pull (it’s the smallest planet) – high daytime temperatures (2nd hottest planet) – solar winds blast away any remaining gasses 7. What causes Venus to be so warm? • Heat is trapped due to the intense greenhouse effect due to the thick atmosphere. • Temperatures average 460 degrees C on Venus Greenhouse Effect Image of Maat Mons- the highest volcano on Venus. Taken with radar since the temperature and pressure destroy any probes that land on the surface. 8. What makes Earth different from all other planets? • It has liquid water (not just frozen or gas forms) • Life is found here. 9. Identify all the features found near/on Mars • Ice caps (on N and S poles) • Volcanoes (largest in the solar system –taller than 3 Mt Everests and wider than Hawaiian island chain) • No Oceans (may have lots of frozen water or even salt water below the surface) http://www.google.com/mars/ • No life • A thin atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide • Seasons (it has a tilted axis like Earth) • 2 moons • No hot temperatures (range is -125C to 35C) 10. What elements are primarily found in Jupiter’s atmosphere? • Hydrogen and helium – If Jupiter were a little larger, it may have turned into a small star 11. Why do we study Jupiter’s moons? • Studying these moons add to the knowledge about the origin of Earth and the rest of the solar system 12.Saturn’s rings are made out of particles of … • Ice and rocks 13. Uranus is tipped on it’s side, how did this probably happen? • A collision with another object probably tipped it over. 14. When was Neptune discovered and what gases are found in it’s atmosphere? • Discovered in 1846 • Methane gases give Neptune it’s bluegreen color 15. Identify reasons why Pluto is different from the other outer planets • Only has a thin atmosphere, other outer planets have thick atmospheres. • Only outer planet with a solid, icy-rock surface Orbit of Pluto The Inner Planets The Inner Planets • Small in size • Solid/rocky The Outer Planets Outer Planets • Large in size • Made of gas • Have rings • Have many moons Dwarf Planets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqX2YdnwtRc&feature=related – Orbit the sun, but have not “cleared the neighborhood”- no clean path around Sun – Be spherical in shape, but small What can I see in the sky this Autumn? • http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx ?c=a&id=10184 Out of this World Lab • What would be different about life on another planet? Life on a star? • You will be calculating weight, jumping ability, and age if you lived on different planets. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDpwtnGS6uc&feature=BFa&list=PL68BB0B53B47E8190&lf=results_main Jumping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckHQy84ml4A Falling Vocabulary • Mass-The amount of matter (stuff) in an object. – Stays the same from planet to planet • Weight-A measurement of the gravitational force acting on an object. – Changes as you move from planet to planet. • Gravitational ForceThe force of attraction between any two objects. – The more massive the object is and the closer it is, the greater its gravitational force. • Planetary Year-the length of time it takes a planet to revolve around the sun. Predictions (Hypothesis) • Weight Possible locations: – Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf • Jumping locations: – Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf • Age Possible locations: – Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto Weight on other planets- MULTIPLY your weight on Earth by the gravity factor to calculate your weight on another planet. Weight on Earth Gravity Factor Mercury 110 0.38 Venus 110 0.91 Mars 110 0.38 Jupiter 110 2.36 Saturn 110 1.06 Uranus 110 0.89 Neptune 110 1.13 Pluto 110 0.07 The Moon 110 0.17 The Sun 110 27.1 A White Dwarf Star 110 1,300,000.00 Location Weight (lbs)-round to the nearest whole number Jump on another planet- DIVIDE the distance of your jump (in inches) on Earth by the gravity factor to calculate your jump distance on another planets. Location Mercury Jump on Earth Gravity Factor 45 inches 0.38 Venus 0.91 Mars 0.38 Jupiter 2.36 Saturn 1.06 Uranus 0.89 Neptune 1.13 Pluto 0.07 The Moon 0.17 The Sun 27.1 A White Dwarf Star 1,300,000.00 Inches jumped (round to the nearest whole number) Age on another planet- MULTIPLY your age by the planetary year factor to calculate your age on other planets. Location Age on Earth Planetary Year Factor Mercury 12 4.15 Venus 12 1.63 Earth 12 1 Mars 0.53 Jupiter 0.08 Saturn 0.03 Uranus 0.012 Neptune 0.006 Pluto 0.004 Age (years) Conclusions • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDab4e 6L0c0 • Magic school bus Gains Weight • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsXUmi LRroo • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xICEt51 A-Ac Larger objects (more massive) have more gravity Orbiting the Sun Planet Day Length Year Length Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 58.65 0.24 243.01* 0.61 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.88 0.41 11.86 0.44 29.46 0.65* 84.07 0.77 164.82 Planet Names • http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7. html • Scale sizes of solar system: – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System_mod el – http://joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace _solarsystem.html • Scroll to the right