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Comet ISON — officially designated C/2012 S1 — may become one of the
most dazzling shows in decades when it nears our sun later this year.
Like all comets, ISON is a clump of frozen gases mixed with dust. Often
described as “dirty snowballs,” comets emit gas and dust whenever they
venture near enough to the sun as that icy material transforms from a solid to
a gas, a process known as sublimation. Jets powered by sublimating ice also
release dust, which reflect sunlight and brightens the overall look of the comet
in the sky.
In late November 2013, its icy material will sublimate and release large
quantities of dust as the surface erodes under the sun’s immense solar heat.
During this time, the comet may become bright enough to admire with little to
no astronomy training and could potentially be viewable for star-watching in
the Northern hemisphere during the day.
Comet ISON is believed to be making its first trip to the sun, and so it is hoped
to still have most of its volatiles intact. Volatiles are the substances which heat
up and blast off the comet’s nucleus to form the wispy comet tail which can
stretch for millions of kilometers through space.
Comet ISON, discovered recently by Russian scientists, will be visible in India towards the end of 2013. Experts
have opined that the comet that will be seen above the western horizon after sunset is likely to be visible to the
naked eye and could well be brighter than the Moon.
In 2013, astronomy enthusiasts in India would be
privileged to witness a great comet through naked
eyes. In November-December, we will be able to see
Comet ISON.
Comets are often referred as “dirty snowballs” because they consist of a mixture of
ice (both water and frozen gases) and dust. Astronomers believe these celestial
bodies are made up of material left over from the formation of the Solar System
almost five billion years ago
Interestingly, comet ISON is following a very similar path to the famous
comet of 1680, which was bright enough to be visible in the middle of the
day.
Comet ISON that was discovered in September of 2012. is on somewhat the same
trajectory as another famous Comet called the Great comet of 1680 to which a lot of
artwork is dedicated, since it was such a big spectacle back then. If it holds together
on its journey around the Sun, it will prove to be the brightest Comet seen in our
generation.
Most comets reside in a vast sphere shaped reservoir surrounding the Solar
System called the ‘Oort Cloud’
Comet ISON is likely making its first trip to the inner solar system ever,
coming to us from the remote Oort Cloud, a refrigerated “storage locker” of
trillions of comets gathered into a thick spherical halo at the fringes of the
solar system. The near edge of the Cloud is some 5,000 A.U.s from the sun
or 465 billion miles away.
Far from the sun, an icy comet’s temperature hovers around absolute zero
(-459 F). If you could see it up close, there would be no fuzzy coma or tail
just an inert hunk of dark ice
For most of 2013, Comet ISON will be a
faint telescopic object but its brightness
increases enormously as it approaches the
Sun late 2013. Comet ISON reaches
perihelion on Nov 29 when it passes within
0.012 AUs of the Sun. At that time the
comet will appear near the Sun, but it could
be as bright as the Full Moon and visible in
the daytime. Quickly moving into the
evening sky, ISON could put on a
spectacular show for much of December.
On Dec 27, the comet makes its closest
approach to Earth at a distance of 0.429
AUs. It will then be 80° from the Sun and
well placed in northern skies during the
evening hours.
“On Sept. 21,2012 two amateur astronomers from Russia spotted what appeared to be
a comet in images taken by a 16-inch (0.4-meter) telescope that is part of the
worldwide International Scientific Optical Network, or ISON, from which the object
draws its name.”
Comet ISON discoverers Artyom Novichonok (left) and Vitali Nevski
Comet C/2012 S1 (Ison) has reasonable chances to become a great comet late in
2013 / early in 2014. Comet ISON (C/2012 S1) has the potential to become a very
bright object that will be well placed for viewing in late 2013.
NASA's iconic Hubble Space Telescope has captured the clearest view yet of
Comet ISON, which experts believe could become one of the brightest comets ever
seen when it lights up the sky later this year.
Comet ISON was discovered in September 2012 by Russian amateur astronomers
Vitali Nevski and Artyom Novichonok.
Orbital position of C/2012 S1 on 11 December 2013 after perihelion
As mentioned earlier, two astronomers, Vitali Nevski from Vitebsk, Belarus, and
Artyom Novichonok from Kondopoga, Russia, discovered the comet on images they
obtained September 21,2012. In late 2013, Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) probably will
become the brightest comet anyone alive has ever seen.
Path of comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) from December 2012 through October 2013 as it
passes through Gemini, Cancer, and Leo
BACK ON JAN. 30, NASA’S SWIFT SPACECRAFT AIMED ITS POWERFUL, MULTIWAVELENGTH EYES AT THE COMET WHEN IT WAS STILL NEAR JUPITER. EVEN AT
THAT DISTANCE, SOLAR HEATING VAPORIZED ENOUGH ICE FOR ISON TO SPEW OUT
112,000 LBS. (51000 KG) OF DUST A MINUTE.
Position of Comet ‘ISON’ during 20th March 2013 - 20th November 2013
On December 8, Comet ISON crosses into the northern sky. It should shine brighter
than 1st magnitude and perhaps sport a spectacular tail. Northern Hemisphere
viewers will get increasingly better views as Christmas approaches
Morning of 15th October’13 - Eastern Sky
Viewing of comet is considered to be a treat for eyes for anyone, and it seems that the
reality is going to get fulfilled, as comet ISON is going to come in the inner solar system.
Comet ISON and Mars November 1, 2013, just before Sunrise in the eastern sky
(Northern Hemisphere). This occurs slightly after the long-standing ISON-Mars
conjunction in earlier Leo.
November 12, 2013
In the morning sky of 17th Nov.’13, we may be able to witness two comets-ISON
near brilliant star ‘Spica’ in constellation Virgo and 2P Encke near planet Mercury
November 18, 2013
As plotted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's "Horizons" system, Comet
ISON (C/2012 S1) will pass very close to the Sun — but not crash into it —
in late November 2013. At that time it might be at least magnitude –10 —
bright enough to be spotted despite very strong solar glare
In fact, the geometry could make C/2012 S1 a "dream comet," as one eager
skywatcher has commented, because it will swing just 40 million miles (0.4
astronomical unit) from Earth a few weeks after perihelion, when it will be high
in moonless, northern skies after sunset and that it could remain visible to the
unaided eye from early November to the first weeks of 2014.
Scenario in early morning sky before sunrise on 27th November’13 – Moon, Saturn,
Mercury and Comet ISON
It might eject vast jets of gas and dust and be spectacular with a fine tail and
even become one of the finest comets ever witnessed by mankind.
Sunset of 1st December’13 - Western Sky
Comet ISON reaches perihelion (closest to the Sun) November 28 and perigee
(closest to Earth) December 26.
Simulation of the orbit of comet C/2012 S1 ISON between 1 November 2013 and
12 December 2013. Earths orbit is indicated in red, and red crosses mark the
location of Earth as ISON makes it's close approach. There's been some
speculation on the web that (a) we will cross comet C/2012 S1 ISON's tail, and (b)
we will get meteor showers from it.
Earth actually has to intersect a debris trail.
Comet tails point way from the Sun, due to the solar wind blowing the dust and
gas away.
National Geographic has stated on their official site that the
comet WILL be the brightest in human history and will be brighter
than a full moon.
The possibility of the comet being visible in the daytime skies will make it one
of the most exciting comets to whiz past the earth in a long while.
At its perihelion (its closest point to the sun), due on November 28, 2013, the
comet will come within 18,00,000 kilometers of the sun’s surface and could evolve
into a dazzling celestial body, possibly bright enough to be visible in broad daylight