* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Stellar Evolution Slideshow
Canis Minor wikipedia , lookup
Corona Borealis wikipedia , lookup
Observational astronomy wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
International Ultraviolet Explorer wikipedia , lookup
Formation and evolution of the Solar System wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Spitzer Space Telescope wikipedia , lookup
Auriga (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Nebular hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Star of Bethlehem wikipedia , lookup
Dyson sphere wikipedia , lookup
Corona Australis wikipedia , lookup
Cassiopeia (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Perseus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
History of supernova observation wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Cygnus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Future of an expanding universe wikipedia , lookup
Stellar kinematics wikipedia , lookup
Corvus (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Timeline of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Orion Nebula wikipedia , lookup
Crab Nebula wikipedia , lookup
eagle nebula movie H-R Diagram (Oh yeah, you’re gonna see it again!) Interstellar cloud of gas and dust – Birthplaces of stars! Star Birth (Indie-RockSTARS like our Sun) Protostar – Stage 1. Gas and dust collapses on itself by gravity, balanced by outward gas pressure. • Inward gas pressure trying to escape, causing internal temp. & press. to rise This causes nuclear fusion to begin! Star Birth Main Sequence Fully developed star (like our sun) -most of stars lifetime spent in this stage Senior Citizen Stars Later in life, stars become Red Giants • Star has converted all Hydrogen into Helium. Where is it on H-R diagram? Temp. drops, size increases Senior Citizen Stars Variable Stars – expand and contract, grow bright and fade. • Over a period of 1 – 70 days Quick for a star that lasts ~10 billion years! Outer Shell Ejection Later in life, a star will eject the outer shell of Hydrogen, leaving the Helium behind in the core. This fast traveling Hydrogen gas is called a Planetary nebula IC-418 Eskimo Nebula Ant nebula NGC 7027 NGC 7662 Hourglass nebula Helix nebula Hi-ho, Hi-ho, It’s off to work…. After it’s shell is gone, all that is left is a layer of Helium, and a core of denser Carbon. • Gravity pulls star inwards Results in very small, very dense dying star, a White Dwarf • Low luminosity, low temp. R.I.P. Indie-RockSTAR Eventually, White Dwarf cools further, turns red, and dies. It is now called a Black (Brown) Dwarf Sun-like Life Cycle Protostar Main Sequence Red Giant Variable Star Planetary Nebula (Ejection) White Dwarf Black Dwarf What about Contract-RockSTARS? (Massive stars) Protostar Main Sequence Super Red Giant Variable Star Supernova Pulsar (Neutron Star) Black Hole Supernova Gigantic stellar explosion Carbon core temp. rises to 600 million K! • That’s hot Carbon fuses in the core, produces Iron • Fusion stops Iron doesn’t fuse Yeah…they’re pretty bright… Crab Nebula First noted by Chinese Astronomers in 1054 • A supernova remnant! We are all stardust….man.. Supernova ejection cloud travels away quickly, and the intense heat, pressure, electrons, etc. cause all the heavier elements to form in the universe. So, really, we’re all formed from the remains of stars! • My head hurts now…. Pulsars (Neutron Stars) After a star explodes, sometimes only neutrons are left (Guess where the name “Neutron Stars” came from?) Also called Pulsars because they emit radio waves with incredible regularity. Appear to be rapidly rotating neutron star Pulsar A slower pulsar The crab pulsar Yup, same one they saw in 1054! Black Holes Some REALLY big stars can continue to collapse after the pulsar stage to become super dense areas of space known as black holes Simply a point in space where gravity concentrates a large mass into a very, very small area Black Holes Surface of black holes, the point at which no light can escape, is called the Event Horizon Spot in the center, in theory, is called the Singularity Black Holes Schwarzschild Radius is the theoretical radius at which a spherical body becomes a black hole. R = 2GM/c^2 • G=gravitation constant M=mass c=speed of light Sun = 2 miles Earth = 1 cm (.4 inch) Supernova recap Supernova recap via Lite-Brite