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Why is a ping-pong ball a good model for the
Earth’s shape and texture?
Why is a ping-pong ball a good model for the
Earth’s shape and texture?
Earth is extremely round/spherical and smooth.
Is Earth a perfect sphere?
Is Earth a perfect sphere?
No!
Earth is a little bit wider than it is tall.
True or false: Earth looks like a perfect sphere
from space.
True or false: Earth looks like a perfect sphere
from space.
True! Earth is so close to a perfect sphere that
the difference cannot be seen from space.
What is the name for Earth’s shape?
What is the name for Earth’s shape?
Oblate spheroid
List/identify as many of the six (6) pieces of
evidence for Earth’s round/spherical shape.
Also, which is best?
List/identify as many of the six (6) pieces of
evidence for Earth’s round/spherical shape.
Also, which is best?
Earth’s ________
shadow on Moon (during lunar eclipse) is curved.
Ships ___________________________________________
disappear over the horizon from bottom  top
(due to curve of Earth).
Circumnavigated (sailed around) the Earth –_______
did not
__________________________.
fall off edge, no sharp corners
Other _______
planets are spherical.
stronger at poles than equator  therefore
Pull of gravity _______________
must
be closer to Earth’s center at poles
___________________________________.
______________________Pictures/view
from space BEST Evidence!
Earth has a different layers with different
densities. Is the surface layer the least or most
dense of these? What is the name of this outer
layer?
Earth has a different layers with different
densities. Is the surface layer the least or most
dense of these? What is the name of this outer
layer?
The surface layer is the least dense and is called
the lithosphere (or crust – although not exactly
the same).
On what page in the ESRT’s is the diagram of
Earth’s interior found?
Based on this graph, how do temperature and
pressure change as you go towards earth’s
center.
On what page in the ESRT’s is the diagram of
Earth’s interior found?
Page 10
Based on this graph, how do temperature and
pressure change as you go towards earth’s
center.
Temperature and pressure both increase towards
Earth’s center.
Which layer causes the plates to move around?
Why?
Convection in the Earth layer known as the
asthenosphere causes the shifting of the plates.
Name the two (2) types of crust and the rock of
which each is primarily made?
Which type of crust is thicker?
Name the two (2) types of crust and the rock of
which each is primarily made?
Continental and oceanic crust.
Which type of crust is thicker?
The crust is thickest under the continents.
This model of a globe shows lines of _________.
By knowing which of these lines you are on you
can tell how far North or South of the _______
you are.
1o of latitude or longitude can be divided into
___ smaller pieces known as minutes (‘).
This model of a globe shows lines of latitude.
By knowing which of these lines you are on you
can tell how far North or South of the Equator
you are.
1o of latitude or longitude can be divided into 60
smaller pieces known as minutes (‘).
What direction do lines of longitude run on a
map or globe?
Longitude lines tell you how far a place is east or
west of the ______ ________ (0o long.)
What direction do lines of longitude run on a
map or globe? North and South
Longitude lines tell you how far a place is east or
west of the Prime Meridian (0o long.)
Finish the following: The altitude of Polaris = the
__________ of the location (in the Northern
Hemisphere).
Finish the following: The altitude of Polaris = the
latitude of the location (in the Northern
Hemisphere).
Travelling towards the North Pole in the
N. Hemisphere, the altitude of Polaris will
_________ (be fairly specific).
Travelling towards the North Pole in the
N. Hemisphere, the altitude of Polaris will
increase (be fairly specific).
Which star in the diagram is Polaris
(the North Star)?
Little Dipper
Big Dipper
Which star in the diagram is Polaris
(the North Star)?
Little Dipper
Big Dipper
The North Star is in the group of stars
(constellation) known as the _____ Dipper.
Little Dipper
Big Dipper
The North Star is in the group of stars
(constellation) known as the Little Dipper.
Little Dipper
Big Dipper
Earth spins from ___ (direction) to ___ (direction)
at a rate of ___o/hr.
Complete the following diagram:
WEST
EAST
90o
___ hours
1 o’clock PM
___ o’clock __M
Earth spins from W (direction) to E (direction) at
a rate of 15o/hr.
Complete the following diagram:
WEST
EAST
90o
___ hours
1 o’clock PM
___ o’clock __M
The time of day when the Sun is at the highest
point in the sky is known as _____.
The time of day when the Sun is at the highest
point in the sky is known as Noon.
What time is it at Point B?
A (10:00 AM)
B
What time is it at Point B?
A (10:00 AM)
B (10:00 AM)
Places of equal number could be mapped by
connecting them with ___lines.
Places of equal number could be mapped by
connecting them with isolines.
The amount of change each isoline is worth is
known as the ________.
The amount of change each isoline is worth is
known as the interval.
Contour lines connect places of equal ________.
Contour lines connect places of equal elevation.
A map that uses isolines to show what Earth’s
surface looks like is called a ___________ map.
A map that uses isolines to show what Earth’s
surface looks like is called a topographic (or
contour) map.
The amount of change in elevation between
contour lines is called the contour ________.
A side view of the land (showing the ups and
downs) is known as a ______.
The amount of change in elevation between
contour lines is called the contour interval.
A side view of the land (showing the ups and
downs) is known as a profile.
Name each of the contour map features shown
below:
240’
150’
230’
125’
220’
100’
200’
210’
100’
220’
120’
140’
Name each of the contour map features shown
below:
Hill
Ridge
240’
150’
230’
125’
220’
100’
200’
210’
100’
220’
120’
140’
Valley
Depression
In what direction does a stream flow compared
to the V shape of the contour lines that cross it?
In what direction does a stream flow compared
to the V shape of the contour lines that cross it?
Streams flow opposite the V’s of the contour
lines.
200’
210’
220’
What is the elevation of sea level?
What is the elevation of sea level?
Sea level (ocean) is 0 feet or meters.
What is the elevation of the indicated (?) contour
line?
?
What is the elevation of the indicated (?) contour
line?
Understanding depressions
RULE: First (outermost) depression contour has same elevation as closest regular
contour line. Next depression line would be lower (based on CI of map). If
adjacent regular contours are different elevations, use lower one.
Examples
50 m
40 m
30 m
Identify the maximum possible elevation of the
hill shown by the contour lines below:
?
Identify the maximum possible elevation of the
hill shown by the contour lines below:
Contour interval = 100’
599’
Identify the minimum possible elevation of the
location shown by the contour lines below:
?
Identify the minimum possible elevation of the
location shown by the contour lines below:
51’
How do contour lines show flatter slopes/areas?
How do contour lines show steeper slopes/areas?
How do contour lines show flatter slopes/areas?
More spread out contour lines.
How do contour lines show steeper slopes/areas?
More closely spaced contour lines.
Label each compass direction on the compass
rose below.
Label each compass direction on the compass
rose below.
N
NW
NE
W
E
SE
SW
S
Based on a scale of 1:62,250, a distance of 1 cm
on the map equals a distance of _________ in the
real world.
Based on a scale of 1:62,250, a distance of 1 cm
on the map equals a distance of 62,250 cm in the
real world.
True or false: Creating a profile from a
topographic map is similar to making a line graph
of elevation.
True or false: Creating a profile from a
topographic map is similar to making a line graph
of elevation.
TRUE!
What is the formula for gradient?
On a topographic map, gradient tells us about
the ______ (angle) of the land surface.
What is the formula for gradient?
Formula (See ESRT’s)
Gradient =
Change in field value
Distance
On a topographic map, gradient tells us about
the slope (angle) of the land surface.