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__1. _________ The Most violet explosion in the universe is called a _______________ Supernovae Explosion the supernova explosion of SN 1987A. ---- a 1028 megaton bomb (i.e., a few octillion nuclear warheads). SN 1987 A Today ____2. ________ After a star explodes, the expanding cloud of gas visible in space is called a _________________ Supernova remnant N 63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud. 3. Stars similar in mass to our sun will fuse Helium to ____________ and _________ , while stars with cores more massive than three solar masses will create elements as heavy as ___________ and ___________ Fusion Shells C, O are end points for low mass stars Fe, Ni are end points for high mass stars. 4. While fusion of elements lighter than _______ produce energy, fusion of this element produces no energy, triggering the implosion of the core. Fusion of Fe triggers -Implosion andexplosion Did a Supernova create us? Triggering the Formation of the Solar System --- New data from meteorites indicates that formation of the Solar System was triggered by a supernova. Written by G. Jeffrey Taylor Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology One of the most amazing discoveries in space science is the unambiguous evidence from meteorites that the solar nebula (the cloud of gas and dust in which the Sun and planets formed) contained radioactive isotopes with half-lives so short that they no longer exist. These include isotopes with very short half-lives, such as calcium-41, 41Ca, (100,000 years) and aluminum-26, 26Al, (740,000 years), and those with longer half-lives such as plutonium-244, 244Pu, (81 million years). The short-lived isotopes are particularly interesting. If they formed in an exploding star, that explosion might have triggered the collapse of the huge interstellar cloud in which the Sun formed. 5. After the supernovae explosion The collapsed core of the star is left behind as a ___________ with a density equal to that of an ______________ Neutron Stars Same density as Atomic Nucleus (1014 g/cm3) Isolated Neutron Star The Hubble Space Telescope succeded in taking an image of a neutron star located less than 400 light-years away from Earth. This star was previously detected by its Xray radiation, indicating a surface temperature around 700,000°. Its diameter is less than 28 km. 6. Because Neutrons are tiny magnets that align with one another, neutron stars have tremedous magnetic fields. If the neutron star rotates, with its magnetic field axis misaligned with its spin axis, its called a ______________ A Pulsar: Magnetic Fields off the charts! 7. The disk of matter surrounding a collapsed object like a neutron star is called an _____________ Neutron Star and Accretion Disk Center of Crab SN Remnant Chandra X-tel 8. When a White dwarf gains mass and exceeds the _____________ limit of 1.4 solar masses it becomes a type _________Supernovae. When a massive star with a core greater than 1.4 solar masses implodes and explodes, it becomes a type ___________ Supernovae. Type I Supernovae in progress! a star and White Dwarf. Tycho’s Supernovae Remnant Neutron Vs. Quark Stars? Enough Gravity to Bend Light Superbang! Neutron Stars can Collide