Download Succession - Dr. Annette M. Parrott

Succession
a Dr.
Production
Ecological succession- the change of
communities that follows a formation of a new,
or the disturbance of an area already in
existance (plowing, landslide, volcano, fire)
Succession is a "change in the species composition of a
community over time."
Primary Succession follows the formation of new land
surfaces consisting of rock, lava, volcanic ash, sand,
clay, or some other exclusively mineral substrate.
• This means that there is NO SOIL present.
• Soil is a mixture of mineral material, decaying organic
material, and living organisms.
Secondary Succession follows the destruction or
partial destruction of the vegetation area by some sort
of disturbance, like a fire, windstorm, or flood that
leaves the soil intact.
1
10
2
20
5
Pioneer species initiate recovery following disturbance in both
primary AND secondary successions: LICHENs
Pioneers "pave the way" for later colonists by altering the biotic
and abiotic environment:
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–
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soil stabilization
soil nutrient enrichment (organic matter and biological nitrogen
fixation)
increased moisture holding capacity
light availability
temperature
exposure to wind
Species composition tends towards a Climax Community
through succession.
The climax community describes an end product of succession
that persists until disturbed by environmental change.
Succession occurs at large scales involving higher plants and
animals, but may involve microbial communities on a
smaller scale. Such as in a compost pile.
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elifewire/content/chp55/5502
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Symbiosis
a Dr.
Production
A symbiosis is a relationship between two
organisms. That relationship can be
beneficial to one or both organisms,
harmful to one or both organisms, or
neutral to one of the organisms.
There are 5 types of symbiosis that you are
responsible for understanding for this
course…
Symbiosis Type of Description
Relation
-ship
Examples
Mutualism +/+
In this symbiosis both organisms
benefit.
Termite and gut protist
Grouper cleaning
Commensalism
+/0
In this symbiosis, one organism
benefits, the other is neither helped
nor harmed.
Robin and oak tree
Remoras & pilot fish
ParasiteHost
+/-
In this symbiosis, one organism benefits
(parasite) and the other organism (host)
is harmed usually gradually but not
killed.
Cat and flea
Athlete’s foot fungus
and human
Isopod on Soldierfish
PredatorPrey
+/-
In this symbiosis, one organism benefits
(predator) and the other organism
(prey) is harmed usually dying
immediately as it is eaten.
Cat and mouse
Lion and gazelle
Shark Breach
Competiti
on
-/-
While engaged in competition, both
organisms are being harmed.
Intraspecific competition occurs within
the same species
Interspecific competition occurs
between different species
Lion and lion
Lion and hyena
Hermit Crabs
Identify the Symbiosis:
•
•
•
•
Ancient Farmers of the Amazon
Octopus Camouflage
Ants and Butterflies
Shark & Loggerhead
Mimic
Octopus,
2
Mimic Octopus & Sea Snake
Mimic Octopus & Crinoid
Mimic Octopus & Sea Star
Mimic Octopus & Flounder/Sole
Mimic Octopus & lionfish
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