Download Community Interactions and Ecological Succession

Warm-up
• Think about the environment around you
(outside)…
– 1. What kinds of factors (things) do you think
influence an ecosystem?
– 2. What kinds of relationships do you think exist
between the plants and animals in an ecosystem?
– 3. What might cause those relationships to change?
Ecosystem Components
• Biotic factors:
• Abiotic factors:
Ecosystem Components
• Biotic factors:
– Living components
– Plants, animals,
bacteria
• Abiotic factors:
– Non-living
components
– Rocks, water, air
temperature
Ecosystem Components
• Habitat
– Area where an
organisms lives
– Example: The
African Savannah
Ecosystem Components
• Niche
– ALL of the physical
and biological
conditions the
organisms needs
– The way the
organisms interacts
with and uses its
habitat
Community Interactions
• 1. Competition:
– Occurs when organisms attempt to use the same
resources in the same place at the same time
– Only occurs when resources are limited!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=FFEzp2cjkmw
Community Interactions
• 2. Predation:
– Occurs when one organisms captures and eats
another.
Community Interactions
• 3. Symbiosis:
– Relationship in which two species live closely
together and directly interact.
– Three types…Can be good or bad…
https://www.yo
utube.com/wat
ch?v=zSmL2F1t
81Q
Types of Symbiosis
• A. Mutualism:
– Both species benefit
Types of Symbiosis
• B. Commensalism:
– One species benefits, the other is neither helped
nor harmed
Types of Symbiosis
• C. Parasitism:
– One species benefits by living in or on another,
and the other species is harmed.
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=lGSUU3E9ZoM
https://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=327bwMQIY&feature=youtu.be
Ecosystems are Dynamic!
• Ecosystems and communities are constantly
changing
• Results from natural and human disturbances
• Ecological Succession: Predictable changes in
communities over time
Primary Succession
• Occurs on surfaces where no soil has ever
existed
• Examples:
– New island formed by volcano
– Bare rock exposed by melting glacier
• First species to colonize = pioneer species
– Example: Lichens (algae + fungus); mosses,
bacteria
Secondary Succession
• Occurs on surfaces where another community
once existed
• Succession/changes after a major disturbance
– Human activities (clear-cutting, farming)
– Natural disaster (fire, hurricane)
Pre-settlement Redford, Michigan…