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Which diagram best shows the
Thursday- Science arrangement of the Earth, sun,
and moon during a new moon?
Question of the Day
0607.6.4
Explain the
different phases of
the moon using a
model of the earth,
moon, and sun.
This is the
correct
arrangement!
Today’s Lesson:
All about the Earth, Moon, and Sun
• Think back to our Space Unit.
• What things do the Earth, Moon, and Sun
work together to influence?
• Earth time (day, year, and month)
• Phases of the Moon
• They are the reason for our seasons!
• They work together to influence tides.
• Their arrangement causes eclipses.
Let’s Start with … Earth Time
Label the following diagram – what time on Earth
is determined by the movements F, G, H, J?
F. Earth’s rotation = Day
G. Earth’s revolution = Year
H. Moon’s rotation = Nothing!
J. Moon’s revolution = Month
Practice Question:
Which event takes one year to complete?
a. Earth making a complete rotation
b. The Moon making a complete rotation
c. Earth revolving completely around the
Sun
d. The Moon revolving completely around
Earth
Now onto… Phases of the Moon!
• When looking at a diagram of phases of the
Moon, it’s important to start with the two easiest
phases: New Moon & Full Moon!
• In what position does the Earth, Moon, and Sun
need to be for a New Moon?
• In what position does the Earth, Moon, and Sun
need to be for a Full Moon?
New Moon Phase
Full Moon Phase
Now that you’ve got that …
• Once you’ve got the new moon and full
moon phase …
• Add in the other two phases that only come
once a month!
• What two other phases (think back to our
moon journal) only come once a month?
• That’s right! The quarter moons!
– First Quarter
– Third Quarter (a.k.a. Last Quarter)
First
Quarter
New
Moon
Full
Moon
Last
Quarter
Now, finish with the rest!
• As the moon goes from a New Moon phase to a First Quarter
phase, what phase will come in between?(Hint: what do we call a
moon phase that is growing but still smaller than a quarter?)
• As the moon goes from a First Quarter phase to a Full Moon
phase, what phase will come in between?
(Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is growing and larger than
a quarter?)
• As the moon goes from a Full Moon phase to a Third (Last)
Quarter phase, what phase will come in between?
(Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is shrinking and
larger than a quarter?)
• As the moon goes from a Third (Last) Quarter phase back to a
New Moon phase, what phase will come in between?
(Hint: what do we call a moon phase that is shrinking and
smaller than a quarter?)
Moon Phase Hand Signals
Show your March Madness Coach how we
do Moon Phase Hand Signals!
On your worksheet …
Label each of the phases of the moon
based on its position around the Earth.
Remember, start with new moon & full moon phases, then to the quarter
phases, and fill in the rest from what you know about waxing & waning!
Going over your worksheet
First Quarter
Waxing
Gibbous
Waxing Crescent
New
Moon
Full Moon
Waning
Gibbous
Waning Crescent
Last Quarter
PRACTICE QUESTION
• Which moon phase occurs right before
a first quarter moon?
When we are talking about first quarter, we are still waxing our
moon on. Before a first quarter is going to be a moon phase
smaller than a quarter moon, which is … a crescent! Therefore,
we will have a waxing crescent!
The Sun & the Moon pull on the
Earth’s Oceans: Tides
• Which one has the greater pull on the Earth’s
oceans, the Sun or the Moon?
Even though the Moon is smaller, it is closer,
and so it pulls more on the Earth’s waters!
• When the Sun and the Moon pull together on
the Earth, what kind of tide do we have?
Spring Tide!
• When the Sun and Moon pull in different
directions, what kind of tide do we have?
Neap Tide!
On your worksheet …
Draw the position of the Earth, Moon &
Sun during a Spring Tide & Neap Tide
Spring Tide = Straight Line! Neap Tide = Ninety Degrees
Practice Question:
During which moon phases is a
spring tide most likely to occur?
a. First quarter and full moon
b. New moon and waning gibbous
c. Waxing gibbous and waning
crescent
d. Full moon and new moon
The Earth and the Sun interact:
Seasons
• What motion of the Earth is the reason for our
seasons?
The Earth’s tilt
• How far does the Earth tilt to cause the solstices
(the seasons of summer and winter)?
23.5°
• When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere,
what season is it in the Southern Hemisphere?
The opposite – Winter!
Seasons: Label your worksheet
according to which season it is in the
Northern Hemisphere.
Spring
These two positions
are not tilting
towards or away
from the Sun!
Winter
in the
Northern
Hemisphere
Summer
in the
Northern
Hemisphere
Fall
Practice Question:
The diagram shows the Earth revolving
around the Sun:
Which position of Earth shows summer in
North America?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Sometimes the Earth and Moon get
in each other’s way: Eclipses!
• When the Moon gets in the way of the Sun
shining on the Earth, what type of eclipse occurs?
Solar Eclipse
• When the Earth gets in the way of the Sun shining
on the Moon, what type of eclipse occurs?
Lunar Eclipse
Practice Question:
A solar eclipse is most likely to occur when Earth,
the moon, and the sun are in which location?
Have some more time?
Great Job! … review
the other aspects of our
Space Unit 
Stars
• Stars are really big balls of
burning hot gasses!
• While all stars are hot, stars
can be different temperatures,
different sizes, and different
colors.
COLOR
TEMPERATURE
SIZE
BLUE
HOTTER
SMALL
ORANGE/YE
LLOW
MEDIUM (AVERAGE)
TEMPERATURE
MEDIUM
(AVERAGE)
RED
COOLER
LARGE
PRACTICE QUESTION
• If a star is large in size, what can we infer
about its temperature and color?
It will be a cooler star and it will be red
in color!
COLOR
TEMPERATURE
SIZE
BLUE
HOTTER
SMALL
ORANGE/
YELLOW
MEDIUM
(AVERAGE)
TEMPERATURE
MEDIUM
(AVERAGE)
RED
COOLER
LARGE
Asteroids
• Asteroids are the biggest “space
rock”
• They are smaller than planets and
moons, but larger than comets
and meteoroids
• They are made of stone or metals.
• Most of the asteroids in our solar
system revolve (orbit) around the
Sun in the Main Asteroid Belt,
located between Mars and Jupiter.
• Scientists think that the asteroid belt
could be evidence that a planet once
existed between Mars and Jupiter,
but broke into pieces while forming!
Comets
• Comets are medium-sized
space rocks that are not really
made of rock!
• We like to refer to comets as
“dirty snowballs” – they are
made of dust, frozen water
(ice), and frozen gasses!
• Comets revolve (orbit) around
the Sun too!
• During part of their orbit
they will get close to the Sun
and heat up, causing a
distinct “tail” to be seen from
our night sky here on Earth.
Meteoroids
• Meteoroids are the smallest space rock.
• Meteoroids are a result of collisions between
planets, asteroids and even moons!
• Remember, meteoroid = Out In Darkness
PRACTICE QUESTION
• Describe the size of a comet in
comparison to the other “space rocks.”
A comet is a medium-sized “space rock”
It is larger than a meteoroid, but smaller
than an asteroid!
Meteors
• Meteors are commonly called “shooting stars”
• When a meteoroid enters the atmosphere of a
planet (like Earth), it burns up and becomes visible
Meteorites
• When a meteor does not
burn up completely, it will
land on the surface of a
planet or moon.
• We then call them
meteorites.
• Remember, meteorite =
In
The
Earth
PRACTICE QUESTION
• Correctly list the names of the smallest
space rock as it falls from outer space
to the surface of a planet or moon.
1. Meteoroid,
2. Meteor,
3. Meteorite
Now it’s YOUR TURN
• On Ms. McGuirk’s Quia profile page
• Underneath Activities
• MARCH MADNESS MILLIONAIRE
• If you get done early, be sure to visit the link
entitled “March Madness – Week 2”