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Chapter 18 Section 1 Astronomy: The Original Science 1 Describe two early ideas about the structure of the universe. 2. Describe the contributions of Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, and Hubble to modern astronomy Log: Sept. 20th • Suppose that you need to explain the concepts of a year, a month and a day to a small child. Write a paragraph and draw a picture describing the motion of the earth. Our Modern Calendar • Year- the time it takes the earth to orbit the sun Day • The circumference of the Earth at the equator is 25,000 miles. • The Earth rotates in about 24 hours. • Therefore, if you were to hang above the surface of the Earth at the equator without moving, you would see 25,000 miles pass by in 24 hours, at a speed of 25000/24 or just over 1000 miles per hour. Day- the earth rotates once on its axis Month- the time it takes the moon to orbit the earth Early Astronomy • Ptolemy (Toleme) – Greek astronomer – Earth center of universe • Copernicus – Polish – Sun centered universe • Tycho Brahe – Danish Astronomer – Late 1500s – Sun and moon revolved around the Earth – Other planets revolved around the sun • Johannes Kepler (yo hon ees) – Brahe’s Assistant – All planets revolved around the sun in a elliptical orbit – Laws of Planetary Motion 1st law • I. The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo: Telescope • One of the first to use a telescope • Discovered – Sun spots – Craters & mountains on moon – Planets are not wandering stars Isaac Newton • Explained the laws of gravity • Gravity depends on mass Edwin Hubble • 1924 • Proved other galaxies exist beyond milky way Log: Sept. 21st • Describe month, day and year. • If you need trade with someone and evaluate their Buried Treasure Directions • Start DR Fold CHart Ptolemy Copernicus Tycho Kelpler Galileo Newton Month Day or Year Drawing 3 facts Log: Sept. 22nd • Create a time line using the astronomers that we have learned about. Use you text to find what year the wrote their theories. Ptolemy Galileo Tycho Kelpler Copernicus Hubble Newton What instrument did Tycho use to make discoveries? Log: Sept. 23 • Explain why early astronomers thought the planets were wandering stars? • List the 4 discoveries of Galileo. Telescopes Chapter 18 Section 2 Sept. 3 Log: Do Now • What are the two main types of optical telescopes • List one difference between the two Used to look at outer space Optical telescope • Most common Telescope used • Collects visible light an focuses it to a focal point – Focal Point- the point where rays of light pass through lens or reflect from mirror – Objective lens- collect light and forms image at back of telescope • The bigger the more light it can gather – Eye piece- magnify the image produce by objective lens History of two Telescopes • Galileo and his • Newton’s Reflective Refractive Telescope Telescope Refracting- This is the simplest telescope design you could have. A big lens gathers the light and directs it to a focal point and a small lens brings the image to your eye. Refractors are the type of telescope that most of . us are familiar with. They have the following parts: 1. a long tube, made of metal, plastic, or wood 2. a glass combination lens at the front end (objective lens) 3. a second glass combination lens (eyepiece) • What are the disadvantages look on pg. 559 in book Refractive Disadvantages • Lens focus different colors of light a different distances • Size of telescope is limited to size of objective lens • If to large glass will sag due to its own weight Most professionals use Most commonly used in homes Reflecting • Many Advantages • Mirrors can be very large • Mirrors are polished on one side a prevent light from entering • Can focus all colors of light at same focal point Used a curved mirror to gather and focus light Reflecting • Some Disadvantages • Atmosphere still disrupts star light • Light pollution form cities can still disrupt images Best places to stargaze • Area away from city light • Mountains • Outer space http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/mko/ Some very large reflecting telesopes Hubble Space Telescope • Orbits in outer space • Is a reflective telescope • Deployed in 1990 Homework • Drawing Refractive • List – Advantages – Disadvantages • Draw Reflective • List – Advantages – Disadvantages Log: Sept. 27th • List 3 types of Nonoptical telescopes. • Explain what they are best used for. Write the question and answer in log • What does the water drop do to words on the paper? • James Clerk 1852 – Proved visible light is only part of the electromagnetic spectrum – The Spectrum is made up of 7 different types of radiation All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation Nonoptical Telescopes • Detect radiation that can not be seen by the human eye – Radio – Infrared – X-ray – Gamma Ray – Ultra Violet Today Class work • Complete DR in class • Define words on Telescope Diagram • If needed Complete for HW Telescopes Optical Reflecting Non Optical Refracting Ultra Violet Gamma Rays Radio Infrared