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Filippo Brunelleschi
By: Morgan Spanopoulos and Molly Sobieski
background
Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the foremost architects and
engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous
for his development of linear perspective and for engineering
the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments
also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics,
engineering and even ship design. His principal surviving works
are to be found in Florence, Italy.
Work #1 :
• The dome of the
Cathedral of Florence
Misc. Info
In 1418, a new cathedral, the Santa Maria del Fiore was erected,
however, the dome was unfinished.
Architects at this time were uncertain on how to create it, since
buttresses were forbidden by the city followers, and finding
scaffolding of the size and quality were extremely difficult, if not
impossible, to find.
 In 1418, the wool merchant's guild held a contest to see which
architect would create the dome, which consisted of who could
balance an egg on a slab of marble, obviously, Mr. Brunelleschi won.
Medium
Marble and Brick
LOcation
Florence, Italy
Work #2
• The Crucifix
Misc. info
Brunelleschi's Crucifix is a wooden sculpture preserved in the Gondi
Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, dated to about 14101415.
According to many, it was carved in response to the wooden crucifix
by Donatello at Santa Croce church in Florence, after Brunelleschi
was criticized of its exaggerated naturalism, people calling it a
"peasant on the cross" instead of the "Body of Jesus Christ", who was
the most perfect man who ever lived.
The work is characterized by a careful study of anatomy and
proportions, the result of which keeps to the essential (inspired by
classical art), enhancing the dignity and sublime harmony of the
work.
medium
Wood and Stone
location
 Gondi Chapel of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy
What was art like during the Italian
Renaissance?
Renaissance art is the painting, sculpture and decorative
arts of that period of European history known as the
Renaissance, emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about
1400, in parallel with developments which occurred in
philosophy, literature, music and science.
Equestrian statue of Guattamelata
• The subject is Erasmo’s memorial
• The occasion is the renaissance
• The audience is the Narni family
• The purpose is to impress the Narnis in order to get paid
• This was made by a rich artist
• The speaker is Donatello
• Donatello made this piece of art in order to show Erasmo in a good light after his
death. It shows that in the renaissance war leaders were often on horseback and
that showed honor and glory or else Donatello would not have made the
sculpture in this way. His goal was to get paid for honoring Erasmo by his family
so he did his best to show him in a good light
bibliography
https://www.google.com/imghp
http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/brunelle/index.html
http://www.chiesasantamarianovella.it/en/artworks/crucifixbrunelleschi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi
Art Analysis
By: Garner Offutt
#1 Donatello Statue of David
• The location of this statue today is in the Italian city of Florence
• This work of Ren. Art was made around the 1440’s
• The statue of David represent the biblical character David or you might
know him in the story of David and Goliath.
• Subject – Bronze David \
• Occasion – During the Renaissance 14th century to the 17th
• Audience – Patrons of the Arts, The public, Higher Powers
• Purpose – to show the importance of the story of David and Goliath
and David's strength
• PoV – Donatello’s work reflected the views of humanism prevelent at
the time. He created a sculpture of a young male David who slew
Goliath. David had all the characteristics of what humansim focused
on. ( beauty, Grace, strength, Power)
• Speaker – Donatello himself.
Facts
• The creation of the work is entirely undocumented, and it has been given a range of dating.
According to one theory, it was commissioned by the Medici Family in the 1430s to be
placed in the centre of the courtyard of the old Medici Palace. Alternatively it may have
been for that position in the new Palazzo Medici Riccardi where it certainly was placed
later, which would place the commission in the mid-1440s or even later.
• There are no indications of contemporary responses to the David, however the fact that
the statue was not placed in the town hall of Florence in the 1490s indicates that it was
viewed as controversial.
• The figure has been interpreted in a variety of ways. One has been to suggest that
Donatello was homosexual and that he was expressing that sexual attitude through this
statue.
Masaccio
Zoe Fifer, Hannah Bubnar
P. 1
8-13-15
Masaccio
(1401-1428)
-Masaccio was born December 21, 1401 in Castel San Giovanni, Italy.
(Present day San Giovanni Valdarno, around Florence, Italy.)
-He died in 1428 in Rome, Italy.
-Born Tomasso di Giovanni di Simone Guddi, he was given the nickname
Masaccio.
-He was the first known great painter during the Italian Renaissance.
-During his lifetime, he was known as Tomasso Cassai.
-He died at a very young age, and some believe he was poisoned.
-It was believed he cared very litte about hygiene or looks.
-He may have been influenced by sculptor Donatello, and it is said he
influenced Michelangelo.
The Tribute Money
The Tribute Money, 1425
Tomasso Cassai (Massacio)
Analysis: In the picture, you see many men in brightly
colored robes. But, there are two men whose robes are
different than the rest. They’re robes are shorter. They
both seem to be trying to take something from the other
men. Since this piece is titled The Tribute Money, we can
assume they are wanting tribute (tax) from the men. In
the middle Jesus is depicted. The tax collector in orange
is asking Jesus for tax. Jesus
seems to be directing the man to the direct left of his somewhere. The tax collectors robes are of bright colors, so we can
assume they are people of high authority. They may have been church officials. This artwork was created in 1425. This time
period was in the heart of what is known today as the Italian Renaissance. This was most likely painted for the public,
patrons who would want to buy the piece, church official, and members of the church, since it depicts a religious scene. The
artist of the work, Masaccio, seemed to be a member of the church, as every one of his paintings demonstrated a religious
scene or moment.
Medium: Fresco
FACTS ABOUT THE TRIBUTE MONEY
• In this artwork, he displayed excellent use of light, color, and special
context.
• This was created in 1425, right before Madonna and Child.
• It is currently located in the Brancacci Chapel of the basilica of Santa
Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy.
• It is known as Masaccio’s best piece of art.
• In years after the creation of The Tribute Money, it actually went
through damage. It had to be restored relatively recently, in the
1980’s.
• Masaccio often used aerial perspective in his work, especially in The
Tribute Money.
• Masaccio actually never completed it, it was later finished by
Filipinno Lippi. (1457-1504)
Madonna and Child
Analysis: In this artwork, it appears to be Mary, as Madonna, and Jesus, as
Child, along with four angels, two of whom appear to be playing music. Jesus
is eating grapes from the hand of Mary. Wine is made out of grapes, and to
the Christian Church, wine is Jesus’s blood. So, because of this, we can assume
the grapes stand for wine, which stands for Jesus’s blood. This depicts a
deeper religious symbol than it appears to a first glance. This was also
painted during Italian Renaissance. The church members, patrons, and the
public were likely to be looking and admiring this piece of work. This was
another work created by Masaccio in 1426.
Medium: Egg Tempra
Madonna and Child, 1426.
Tommaso Cassai (Massacio)
Facts about Madonna and Child
• This piece of artwork demonstrates a use of single-pount linear
perspective.
• It was made by Masaccio just two years before his death, in 1426.
• Today, this piece is located in the Church of our Lady in Bruges,
Belgium.
• Despite this being made shortly before his untimely death, it was
actually one of the first of his great paintings.
Sandro Botticelli
Jarrett agnew, Noah Cook, & Tux tuxworth
Botticelli
• Born in Florence, Italy 1445
• Follower of Savonarola
• Often commissioned by Medici’s
• Never married; hated the idea of it
• Frescoes in the Sistine Chapel
The Birth Of Venus
• Being pushed to shore by
Zephyr
• Portrays perfection
• Perfect white skin tone
• Blowing hair
• Calm expression
• Nudity represents sex appeal
Birth Of Venus
• Commissioned by Lorenzo de’ Medici
• One of first large scale canvas paintings in Renaissance Florence
• Pose relates to that of the sculpture of Venus de’ Medici
• On display at Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Primavera
• Large orange grove
• Far left is Mercury spreading
clouds to bring Spring
• Venus is center
• Cupid is hovering above
everyone
• Chloris and Zephyr on right
• Painting represents marriage
Primavera
• Commissioned by Medici’s
• Title means “Spring”
• Often associated with Neoplatonic thought
• Held today in Uffizi Gallery, Florence
Leonardo da Vinci
• He was also an inventor,
scientist,
mathematician,
engineer, writer, and
musician
• His made plans for
musical instruments,
war machines,
calculators, and boats
• Many of his machine
plans have since been
built and tested, to
varying levels of
success.
• He wrote in the
opposite direction to
what is normal.
• He was born April 15,
1452-May 2,1519
• He was an
apprentice for the
artist Verrocchio.
• At 20 he was a
master artist in the
Guild of Saint Duke
and established his
own workshop
• He taught himself
how to learn because
he was unschooled.
The Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa was painted in 1503 by Leonardo, himself.
The Mona Lisa
• The piece of art is located in Louvre Museum in Paris, France.
• The Mona Lisa is formally know as La Gioconda.
• The Mona Lisa was portrait of Lisa del Gioconda.
• The painting was done with oil and wood.
• He started the painting when he was 51.
• He became an expert on anatomy of the human body.
The Baptism of Christ
The Baptism of Christ was finished in 1475 painted with his master, Andrea de
Verrocchio.
The Baptism of Christ
• This piece of art is located in Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
• Leonardo painted the background with a blind angel and parts of the
landscape.
• The painting was painted with oil and wood.
• He was 23, when he painted the picture of the Baptism of Christ.
Michelangelo Buonarroti
By: Hannah Hagedorn, Madelyn Lopp, and Samantha Robinson
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Lived (1475-1564)
Works: The sculpture of David,
The Battle of Cascina, The
Crucifixion of St. Peter, Doni
Tondo, and The entombment
He was one of the original and
most famous people in
renaissance art.
Lived: Florence, Italy
The Last Judgment
Analysis: This painting is showing when Christ returns and he preforms “The Last
Judgment” to decide whether the person has been good or bad during their life. During this
time the Renaissance is in full swing and the government is changing hands. The audience is
anyone who went to the chapel to worship. Michelangelo saw this as how people would act
when Christ returns. Michelangelo had already painted the chapel ceiling and sculpted David.
Symbolism: The people crowded around symbolize what an important time this is and how
the people react. Christ being in the enter and illuminated symbolize that he is the most
important.
The Last Judgement (Important Facts)
• People in painting originally painted naked irrespective of ranks and
hierarchy but were painted with clothes on by Danielle De Volterra,
Michelangelo’s student
• Painting originally commissioned by Pope Clement VII to be subject of
resurrection
• Took four years to complete
• Mythical creatures in painting such as Charon, Minos, and St.
Bartholomew
• Commissioned by Pope Paul II
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Analysis: This painting is showing the nine scenes from the book of Genesis including
The Creation of Adam and The Separation of Light from Darkness. During this time the
Medici family regains their power and the Pope regains the Papal states. The audience
is anyone who went to worship in the chapel. The purpose is to show the creation of
the world. Michelangelo sees God as the ultimate power and Adam as his child.
Michelangelo had already sculpted David.
Symbolism: In the Creation of Adam Adam is laid back witch symbolizes his
defiance. He was not trying to reach out of god
Sistine Chapel Ceiling(Important Facts)
• Michelangelo at first did not want anything to do with the ceiling
painting because he saw himself as more of a sculptor.
• He painted the ceiling while standing on wooden scaffolding not lying
down.
• The art was retouched in 1980-1990 by a group of Italian
international experts and was funded by a Japanese television
corporation.
• Commissioned by Pope Julius II
Raphael Sanzio
Born Urbino, Italy 1483
Died Rome, Italy 1520
The School of Athens
Fresco Painting
Description
The School of Athens is a Fresco painting of a fictional
school
It is a very good example of the use of perspective to create
the illusion of depth
Using perspective it draws attention to Plato and Aristotle
who are in the center
It features many great philosophers of Greece from
different time periods
It is supposed to represent philosophy
Facts
It is considered Raphael’s masterpiece and a perfect
embodiment of the Renaissances classical spirit
It is one of four frescos painted for the signature room of
the apostolic palace, where it resides today, that
represents human thought: Theology, Poetry, Philosophy,
and Justice
It is one of many of Raphael’s paintings in the Apostolic
Palace because he was commissioned to decorate the
Apostolic Apartments
Sistine Madonna
By: Raphael Sanzio
Oil painting
Christian background
Description
• This is a painting of Mary holding the Christ Child (Jesus).
• Mary stands on a cloud in front of angels who are admiring
the new born Christ Child.
• The 2 baby angels at the bottom of the painting are very
famous, appearing in ads, campaigns, wrapping paper, and
postcards.
• The man looking up at the baby is named Saint Sixtus.
• People in this picture seem to have a very worried
expression.
Facts
• Commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1512.
• Was installed by the Church of San Sito.
• This painting, after being released by the church, was in the museum
Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden.
• During WW II, it was moved from Dresden.
• After being gone until about the 1950’s, it was moved back to Dresden
where it is today.
Jan van Eyck
1366-1441
Netherland
By: Brittany Wright
Arnolfini Portrait
• Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and wife.
• Chandelier has 1 lit candle, signifies
unity of marriage.
• Dog is a symbol of wealth because it’s
a rare bread.
• Mirror has two other individuals in
the room, one is believed to be the
artist serving as a witness.
Facts
• Arnolfini was member of a merchant family.
• It appears that his wife is pregnant but she is actually just holding up
her skirt.
• It’s believed it was painted as a marriage certificate.
The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin
• Depicts the Chancellor of Burgundy
sitting across from the Virgin Mary
with Jesus in her lap.
• Two peacocks symbolize
immortality and the pride of the
Chancellor
• Mary is dressed in luxurious clothes
that put her in the times of the
painting
Facts
• Eyck had many paintings of the Virgin Mary.
• The Virgins body is compared to an alter because she is holding Jesus
for the Chancellor to worship.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
(1524-1569)
•
Seen as the greatest Flemish artist of the
16th century. He was the ancestor to a
four-generation dynasty of painters that
lasted until the 18th century.
•
Known for creating great landscape and
peasant scenes in his early years, and
eventually creating much more Italian
works in his later years.
•
Nicknamed “peasant Bruegel” due to his
painting of commoners, as well as a
misnomer about him being born a peasant.
•
Of all of Bruegel’s preserved art, about a
third are now held at the Kunsthisorisches
Museum in Vienna, Austria.
Peter Didelot,
Paul Bossley Per. 1
8-17-15
The Tower of Babel (1563)
Kunsthisorisches Museum
The Hunters in the Snow (1565)
Analysis:
This work shows three hunters returning
from their hunt with only a rabbit for their
efforts. Deep footprints show how the
hunters and their dogs must trudge through
the snow to move. The dogs with lowered
heads show depression and grief of the lost
hunt. With the grief though, there is the joy
of the children and adults playing on the
frozen pond. These represent the happiness
of the winter season in contrast to the
hardships that the hunters face. A bleak color pallet adds to the feeling of a barren landscape.
Hunters in the Snow (continued)
Medium – Oil painting on wood panel
This painting can be found today at the Kunsthisoriches Museum Vienna,
Austria.
This painting was commissioned by the wealthy Antwerp banker Niclaes
Jonghelinck along with five other works which depicted all of the seasons.
Five of these works remain and are spread across the world. Jonghelinck
owned sixteen of Bruegel’s works.
The set of works did much to cement Bruegel’s position as one of the best
landscape artists of Northern Europe.
The Triumph of Death (1562)
Description:
• Army of skeletons
• Fires
• Shipwrecks
• Barren landscape
• Corpse-filled pond
• Dead bodies litter the ground
• Hangings, executions
• Killing everyone from children to the
king
Symbolism/Analysis:
This painting symbolizes that you can not
escape death. It takes everyone no matter
the social class.
The Triumph of Death (continued)
Medium:
Oil Panel Painting
Location Today:
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Work Cited
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder__The_Painter_and_the_Buyer,_1565_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/thetriumphofdeath.jpg
• http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/brue/hd_brue.htm
• http://www.britannica.com/biography/Pieter-Bruegel-the-Elder
• http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/b/bruegel/pieter_e/07/01januar.html