Download Liberalism Utilitarianism Socialism

th
7
Grade Social Studies Review
1. What was the Renaissance?
• The Renaissance was a Movement in
Europe in the 1400s that was a rebirth of
classic Greek and Roman culture like art,
literature, architecture and ideas.
2. Why are the Medici significant?
• The Medici family controlled the government
in Florence, Italy. Lorenzo de Medici used his
wealth to support, artists, architects, and
writers during the Renaissance.
3. What two reasons explain why the
Renaissance occurred in Italy?
• Location (Mediterranean Sea)
• Wealth (trade)
• Powerful leaders (Medici)
4. Compare and contrast the Italian Renaissance
and the Northern Renaissance.
Italian
Renaissance
Northern
Renaissance
Urban
Rural
Humanism
Christian Humanism
Greek and Roman
Medieval
Realism
Less life-like
Rich
Peasants
Religious Scenes
Daily Life
5. What was the significance of the printing
press during the Renaissance and Reformation?
• The printing press helped ideas spread quickly
• More people became literate
• Books like the Bible were printed in many
different languages
6. What was the Reformation and why
did it take place?
• A religious movement that produced a new
form of Christianity known as Protestantism.
• Criticized the wealth and power of the
Catholic Church.
7. Explain the ideas of Wycliffe, Erasmus, Luther, and
Calvin during the Reformation.
John Wycliffe
Desiderius Erasmus Martin Luther
John Calvin
•Believed that the
pope was not the
head of the Church
•All religious truth
came from the
Bible
•Believed that
people should use
reason to become
better Christians
•Wrote Praise of
Folly
•Believed in
predestination (a
person’s fate is
decided)
•Church members
should choose
church leaders
•Condemened the
selling of
indulgences
•Wrote the 95
Theses
•Created the first
Protestant Church
8. What were the discoveries of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo,
Newton, Descartes, and Bacon during the Scientific Revolution?
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo
Newton
Descartes
Bacon
Heliocentrism
(earth orbits
the sun and
rotates on an
axis)
Planets
have
elliptical
orbits
•Conducted
experiments
•Used
telescopes
•Other
planets
have moons
•Gravity
•Laws of
motion
•Calculus
•Rationalis
m
•“I think,
therefore I
am.”
Scientific
method
9. List four factors that motivated the
Age of Exploration.
• Demand for gold, spices, and natural
resources in Europe
• Support for the diffusion of Christianity
• Political and economic competition between
European empires
• Innovations in navigational arts
10. Describe the accomplishments of da Gama, Magellan,
Cartier, Columbus, and Hudson during the Age of Exploration.
Vasco Da Gama Ferdinand
Magellan
First European
to sail around
the south of
Africa and
reached India
Jacques Cartier Christopher
Columbus
First
Explored the
expedition to
St. Lawrence
circumnavigate River
the world
First European
to sail west
searching for a
water route to
Asia.
Henry Hudson
Explored the
Hudson River
and Bay
Describe the conquest of Cortes and
Pizarro.
Hernan Cortes
Francisco Pizarro
• Conquered the Aztec (Mexico)
• Took advantage of diseases
weakening the Aztec
• Took emperor Montezuma hostage
• Conquered the Inca (Peru)
• Took ruler Atahualpa hostage
• Failed to comply with a deal to release
him
• Sentenced the ruler to death
12. Describe the Columbian Exchange
and its effects.
Description
Effects
An exchange of plants, animals, ideas, and Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led
people between the Eastern and Western to the use of African slaves.
Hemispheres.
• Slavery was based on race.
• European plantation system in the
Caribbean and the Americas destroyed
indigenous economics and damaged the
environment.
13. Explain the ideas of Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire,
Rousseau, and Wollstonecraft during the Enlightenment.
Thomas
Hobbes
John Locke
Montesquieu
People need Natural
Separation
an absolute rights to life, of powers.
government liberty, and
property.
Voltaire
JeanJacques
Rousseau
Government Separation
is a contract of church
between
and state
rulers and
the people
Mary
Wollstonecraft
Women
should have
the same
rights as
men.
14. How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in
the American colonies?
• The Declaration of Independence
incorporated Locke’s ideas
• The Constitution of the United States of
America and Bill of Rights incorporated
Montesquieu’s ideas.
15. How did the Enlightenment and the American
Revolution contribute to the French Revolution?
• The ideas of the Enlightenment and French
participation in the American Revolution
influenced the French people to view their
government in new ways. They overthrew the
absolute monarchy, and a new government
was established.
16. Describe the social order in Latin American
countries during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
http://www.glogster.com/meganchristina13/glog-world76/g-6lv1fd7k3a4620ki42k9va0
17. How did the American and French Revolutions influence
Latin American independence movements?
• Slaves in Haiti rebelled, abolished slavery, and
won independence. (Toussaint-Louverture)
• Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican
independence movement.
• French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies
gained independence.
18. Why did the Industrial Revolution
begin in England?
• England had natural resources like coal, iron
ore, and the invention and improvement of
the steam engine
19. How did the Industrial Revolution produce
changes in culture and society?
• Population increase
• Increased standards of living for many, though
not all
• Improved transportation
• Urbanization
• Environmental pollution
• Increased education
• Dissatisfaction of working class with working
conditions
• Growth of the middle class
20. Describe the political theories of liberalism,
utilitarianism, and socialism.
Liberalism
Utilitarianism
Socialism
The government should
not interfere with business
or society (laissez-faire or
hands off; Adam Smith)
The government should
step in when needed to
make a society better (John
Stuart Mill)
Society , represented by
government, should own
and control the means of
production (factories)
21. What were the causes and effects
of imperialism in Africa?
•Economic
Economic
• Political
Rich
natural resources
Cheap, raw materials
Political
Political power and influence
was measured by the number
of colonies possessed.
Positive
Negative
Sophisticated technology,
transportation and
communication systems, and
better education and medical
care.
Loss of independence and
traditional culture, religion,
and language. Natives were
treated like second class
citizens
22. Describe Imperialism in China and
Japan.
China
Japan
Queen Victoria of England imports opium
into China to trade for Chinese goods
Opium Wars
Tai Ping Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
Open Door Policy (open to trade with all
countries)
Nationalist Revolution
Shogun (military ruler) is overthrown
Meiji government is established
Japan is forced to trade with the US
Japan modernizes
Japan wins war against Russia
23. What were the causes and effects
of imperialism in India?
Positive
Negative
•
•
•
•
•
•
Railways
Telegraph and telephone lines
Modern Hospitals
Medicines
Lost all political independence
Indians were discriminated against
24. Explain the causes of World War I and the
figurative spark that lit the fire.
• Militarism - a faith in war and military power
• Alliances – agreements between nations to help each other if
war broke out
• Imperialism – a stronger country taking over a weaker country
for economic and/or political reasons
• Nationalism – the desire of people with the same customs
and beliefs for self-rule
• Spark – The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(Austria-Hungary) in Sarajevo.
25. What countries belonged to the
Central Powers during World War I?
•
•
•
•
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire
26. What countries belonged to the
Allied Powers during World War I?
•
•
•
•
•
France
Russia
England
Italy
US
27. Who won World War I?
• Allied Powers
28. Describe what World War I was like
(one paragraph)?
29. Who was blamed for World War I
by the Treaty of Versailles?
• Germany
30. Why is the Treaty of Versailles
notorious?
•
•
•
•
•
It blamed Germany for WW I (war-guilt clause)
Germany had to pay reparations
Forced Germany to give up colonies
Reduced Germany’s army and navy
Eliminated Germany’s air force and all
submarines
• Banned Germany from mobilizing (gathering
or moving troops and weapons)