Download The Italian Renaissance

The Crusades, Renaissance,
Reformation, and the time of
Revolutions
Europe – 14th to 16th century
The Crusades
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Time period between 11th
and 13th centuries when
Western European
Christians went to reclaim
control of the Holy Lands
from the Muslims.
They opened up new
trade routes and were
fascinated by ancient
Greek and
Roman life.
The Renaissance
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Era of creativity and
learning in Western
Europe from the 14th –
16th Centuries.
Renaissance means
“Rebirth.”
Begins on the Italian
Peninsula in the mid 14th
century
--Lorenzo the Magnificent
(Medici) (1449-1492)
Renaissance Art
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Renaissance art stressed
proportion, balance and
harmony—and was not
otherworldly
Artistic problems of
perspective and
composition addressed
using mathematics
-“linear perspective” gave
the impression of depth
to the picture.
Leonardo
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Leonardo Da Vinci
(1452-1519)
True Renaissance
Man
Scientist, inventor,
engineer and
naturalist
Best known for art
and inventions
Short attention span
Raphael
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Raphael (1483-1520)
Man of great
sensitivity and
kindness
Died at the age of 37
Michelangelo
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Michelangelo
Ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel
Conflict with Pope
Julius II
Incredible energy and
endurance
Donatello
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Donatello
1386 1466
a famous early
Renaissance artist
and sculptor
Raphael, Leonardo, Michelangelo,
Donatello
Heroes on the half shell –
TURTLE POWER!
William Shakespeare
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William Shakespeare
(1564-1616)
--Globe Theater
Shakespeare returns to
classical subjects and
genres
Macbeth: ambition
Hamlet: individualism
Romeo and Juliet:
Revenge
Keen sensitivity to sounds
and meanings of words
The Reformation
Reformation
People like
(16th century)
Martin Luther
was an attempt
wanted to get
to reform
rid of the
(change) the
corruption and
Catholic
restore the
Church
people’s faith
in the church
1483-1546 German monk
Criticized Catholic Church
Spoke out again the policy of
selling indulgences –
practice of forgiving sins in
exchange for money.
Gutenberg’s Printing Press – how
did it change Europe

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People were able to own
books – before books had
been written by hand.
Explosion of printed
materials
--By 1500, 40,000 titles
printed and between 8-10
million copies
Gave people access to
the Bible in their own
language
Age of Exploration
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Europeans wanted
to discover a direct
route to Asia for
the Spice Trade.
They could make
more money if
they dealt directly
with Asia.
Christopher Columbus
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Italian – believed
the shortest way to
Asia was to sail
west.
Set sail in 1492
Landed in the
Caribbean instead
of Asia.
Ferdinand Magellan
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Portuguese explorer, tried
to sail around the world
(circumnavigate).
Left Spain with 5 ships
and 200 sailors (1519).
Magellan was killed in the
Philippines
3 years later, 1 ship and
18 sailors returned to
Spain.
John Cabot
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Italian named Giovanni
Caboto – he was funded
by England
Believed sailing north
across the Atlantic would
be a shortcut to Asia.
He found Canada instead
(1497).
Imperialism

The practice of one
country controlling
the government
and economy of
another country or
territory.
Results of Exploration
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Clash of cultures
Religious
conversion
Spread of diseases
Slavery
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
CREATION OF A NEW WORLDVIEW
 Questioning of old knowledge
& assumptions
 Gradual replacement of religious
& superstition presumptions
 Gradual rise of science &
reason
The Scientific Revolution

Antoni van
Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723) first
to see microscopic
life in a drop of
water.
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS
 GALILEO GALILEI
(1564-1642)
 Constructed first
telescope
 Described motion of bodies
on earth
THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
NEW DIRECTIONS IN ASTRONOMY & PHYSICS
 ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)
 Universal Gravitation: combined
laws of planetary & earth motion
 Scientific Method
Industrial Revolution - Definition

Industrial Revolution - A period of
change beginning in the late 18th
century, during which goods began to
be manufactured by power-driven
machines
Industrial Revolution 
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Began in ENGLAND in late 1700’s
Factories, steam engines are very
important; can make products more
quickly and cheaply
The first industry was the TEXTILE
(CLOTH) INDUSTRY
Industrial Revolution
Issues
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Child labor was a huge problem
More people move to cities
Population increases
Issues with overpopulation (diseases,
crime)
Pollution!!!!!!!!
Capitalism
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Capitalism is an economic system where
factories and businesses are privately
owned. This is the economic system used
in the United States.
French Revolution
King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
The French Revolution
Causes
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Government in debt
Poor harvests + increased population =
food shortages and hunger
Heavy taxes
A clueless king and queen
Storming of the Bastille
Storming the Bastille
 July
14, 1789
 Angry mobs attack the
prison and release all the
prisoners
French Republic
 New
constitution
 Opposition (including the
monarchs) is beheaded with a
new invention – the guillotine
Reign of Terror
 Still
no peace.
 From 1793-1794,
17,000 people
killed
Reign of Terror
Napoleon
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General Napoleon
Bonaparte takes
control and
restores order.
He becomes
emperor in 1804.