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TIME PERIODS FOR EUROPEAN HISTORY MIDDLE AGES: 500-1400 Midieval Art Feudalism Development of national monarchs 1 Secularization Power struggles between church and monarch Crusades RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION: 1400-1550 Renaissance Art Rebirth of learning leads to questions about church practices and doctrine, science, and philosophy 2 Art flourishes in Italy and Science flourishes in the N. Renaissance Corruption and worldliness of Christian (catholic) church leads to development of the Protestant churches Reformation is political and economic as well as religious EXPLORATION, COLONIZATION, ECONOMIC RENEWAL AND RELIGIOUS WARS: 1490-1650 Late Renaissance & Early Baroque Art Exploration is fueled by the Renaissance as nations hustle to achieve new trade routes 3 Colonization and mercantilism lead to economic stability Series of wars that would firmly establish religious lines in Europe Domestic System AGE OF ABSOLUTISM: 1450-1750 Baroque & Rococo Art Spain's Century of Gold English Civil War - Leads to a balance of power Establishment of absolutism in France (Henry IV through Louis XV) 4 Development of E. European Empires (Prussia, Austria, Russia) Global Economy - Mercantilism Balance of Power theory developed and employed against Louis XIV AGE OF SCIENCE: 1600-1700 Baroque Art Continuance of secularization due to new scientific thought (Bacon, Descartes, Galileo, Newton, Spinoza) 5 Political theory moves in two directions both governed by contracts between society and government (Locke, Hobbes) AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT: 1700 - 1800 Rococo, Neoclassical, Romantic Art Philosophes (Diderot, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau) spread the new ideas of the Enlightenment (Natural rights, equality, toleration, freedom of thought, progress, and constitutions) 6 American revolution puts the ideas of the enlightenment into practice French Revolution and its impact on Feudal Europe Enlightened Despotism Industrialization: Factory system, Laissez Faire AGE OF NAPOLEON: 1804-1814 Neoclassical & Romantic Art Internationalism of Europe 7 Napoleonic reforms Rise of Nationalism AGE OF REVOLUTION: 1814-1870 Neoclassical, Romantic, Realism Art Congress of Vienna attempts to maintain conservative forces against rising liberalism an nationalism 8 Nationalist desires - revolts - failures and successes Spread of industrialization Advent of Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, and Realism Germany and Italy established AGE OF EUROPEAN SUPREMACY: 1860-1914 Impressionism, Post Impressionism, Symbolism, Early Modern Art Imperialism in Africa and Asia 9 Economic nationalism invades the world economy Advance of Democracy and the Welfare State Queen Victoria: "The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire" WORLD WAR I AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION: 1914-1919 Early Modern Impact of nationalism and alliances 10 Impact of a World War First Marxist revolution takes place - consequences Development of Communism - U.S.S.R. established WORLD DEPRESSION: 1920-1938 Early Modern Art Rise of Democracies in new E. European States Economic nationalism - End of the Gold Standard 11 Deficit Spending (Keynsian theory) vs. Retrenchment Rise of Totalitarian Gov'ts (Hitler (Fascism) , Mussolini (Fascism) , Japan) WORLD WAR II AND THE EARLY COLD WAR: 1939-1950 Late Modern World War II 12 Cold War Deepens Iron curtain descends - NATO vs. Warsaw Pact United Nations is established (collective security) AGE OF CONFRONTATION AND DETENTE: 1950-1980 Late Modern Art End of empires Crisis in the Middle East 13 Confrontation (Korea - Vietnam) Nuclear Age Arms and Space Race THE CHANGING WORLD: 1980-Present Contemporary Art End of the Cold War - Collapse of Communism in U.S.S.R. and E. Europe 14 Persian Gulf War Computer age