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Unit
4- Europe
Rise of the Renaissance
–Preview: Look at these 2
images—one is Medieval, the
other is Renaissance.
–Name 3 major differences
between the 2 artworks
Image #1
Image #2
Preview: Look at these 2
images—one is Medieval, the
other is Renaissance.
Name 3 major differences
between the 2 artworks
What is the Renaissance?
 During
the Renaissance (1300 to
1600), Western Europe emerged
from the Middle Ages:
–Renaissance means “rebirth”
–Revival in Greek & Roman
ideas, learning, & trade
–New ideas in art, government, &
human potential
–The Renaissance marked the
beginning of the “modern era”
Middle Ages to the Renaissance:
What Changed?
 Trade
& Cities?
 Government?
 Religion?
 Human
 Art
Potential?
& Architecture?
What Changed from the
Middle Ages to the
Renaissance?
Trade & Cities
Trade & Cities in the Middle Ages?
What Caused the Change? The Crusades
What were things like in the Renaissance?
Trade & Cities
 Increased
trade for luxury goods
led to cities:
–Status was based on wealth &
ability, not birthright
–A new middle class of bankers,
merchants, & skilled craftsmen
gained lots of power
–Wealthy citizens showed their
new status by buying art &
building cathedrals for their city
What were things like in the Renaissance?
What were things like in the Renaissance?
Trade & Cities
 Italian
merchants remained close
to Byzantine & Muslim merchants
so trade quickly reemerged in Italy
 Florence was the most important
city; the Renaissance began there
–Had a strong textile industry
–Had lots of banks to give loans
–The Medici family (banking)
used their wealth to make
Florence Italy’s most artistic city
What Changed from the
Middle Ages to the
Renaissance?
Government
Government in the Middle Ages?
Nationalism
 People
looked at the King as a
national leader fighting for the glory of
the nation-state
 English people were proud when
England defeated France in battle;
French people were proud when
France
defeated
England
in battle
France
England
What were things like in the Renaissance?
Government
 Kings
were able to tax merchants
& began using money to form
armies to protect citizens
 The 100 Years War led to:
–The cannon & longbow which
made feudal lords less powerful
–Nationalism increased as people
became loyal to the king &
nation, rather than their lord
What Changed from the
Middle Ages to the
Renaissance?
Religion
Religion in the Middle Ages?
What Caused the Change?
The Great Schism & The Crusades
What were things like in the Renaissance?
Religion
 Many
people lost respect for the
Pope after the:
–Great Schism in 1054:
disagreements between Italian &
French Catholics led to 2 popes
–Losses during the Crusades
 Despite having less respect, the
Catholic Church was still an
important part of peoples’ lives &
the pope remained important
What Changed from the
Middle Ages to the
Renaissance?
Human Potential
Human Potential in the Middle Ages?
What Caused the Change? The Black Death
What were things like in the Renaissance?
Human Potential
 Individuals
became the center of
attention during the Renaissance
–People began to think that each
person can accomplish anything
–Humanists—studied the
“classical” ideas of Greece &
Rome; believed education could
make the world a better place
Petrarch: “Father of Humanism”

Petrarch was a scholar and
poet who was responsible for
the recovery of manuscripts
and works of Greek and
Roman writers.
 He traveled throughout Europe
recovering manuscripts of
Cicero and other Roman
authors that had been lost in
monastery libraries.
 Petrarch, like other writers of
the time, wrote in Latin.
Francesco
Petrarch
Insert scanned table
Human Potential
 What
was expected of men &
women in the Renaissance?
Renaissance women were far
–The
“ideal
man”butwas
better
educated
had well
fewer
educated,
can
dance,
rights thansmart,
medieval
women
write poetry, & play music;
(called a “Renaissance Man”)
–The ideal woman should have
the same qualities but should
not seek fame or political power
Niccolo Machiavelli

IT philosopher, diplomat, poet,
musician, playwright..
 Best known for The Prince – realist politics
–Rulers should behave like a lion
(aggressive and powerful) and at
other times like a fox (cunning and
practical)
–“The Ends Justify the Means”
–“It was better to be feared than to be
Dante Alighieri
“Father of the Italian
Language”
 Wrote The Divine Comedy.
 The Divine Comedy is
considered one of the greatest
works of Italian and world
literature.
 Dante was first to write in the
vernacular, the language used
in everyday life. Until his time,
all European literature was
written in Latin.

Dante
Alighieri
What Changed from the
Middle Ages to the
Renaissance?
Art & Architecture
Art in the Middle Ages?
What Caused the Change? Increased
Wealth & Classical Ideas
What were things like in the Renaissance?
Classical Ideas
Religion
Perspective
The Individual
Realism
Art & Architecture
 Italians
spent money on art to
show their new wealth
 Renaissance artists & architects
were inspired by the Greeks &
Romans but used new styles to
make innovative new designs:
–Showed realism & expressions
–Used perspective & shading
–Emphasized individual people