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The Italian Renaissance:
Art
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“In Italy, for 30 years under the Borgias they had
warfare, terror, murder, and bloodshed, but they
produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and
the Renaissance. In Switzerland they had brotherly
love-they had 500 years of democracy and peace,
and what did that produce? The cuckoo clock.”
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Orson Well’s character, Harry Lime, in The Third Man (1949)
Medieval Painting
Renaissance Ideas Added…
…To a
similar
picture
Compare & Contrast
Features: Italian Renaissance Art
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THEME: Revival of Classical
 Idealized AND Realistic
 How both???
THEME: Realism
 Natural poses life-like, realistic
 Show personality & emotion
THEME: Religious AND every-day life
TECHNIQUE: Bright colors & oil paints
Use of perspective
 Shadowing creates illusion of depth
 Make distant items smaller
Apollo
Belvedere
A real
Classic!
Hellenistic or
Roman copy of
lost bronze original
made between 350
and 325 BC
Rediscovered in
late 15th century
 Wealthy
Why Italy???
cities
 Trade from Asia & with Muslims
 Contact with Byzantine Orthodox &
Muslims who preserved Classical learning
 Citizens are rich, educated, and open to
new ideas  POLITICS
 Wealth inspires patrons of the arts
 Medici Family in Florence
Adoration of the Magi
Whole Medici family in picture
Botticelli on far right looking at viewers
1478-82
Madonna
Enthroned by
Giotto
1305-10
Realism,
Classical,
and
Religious
Themes
Angels in choir are placed one in front of the other to create a sense of expanding space
Figure is heavier, breasts apparent. Drawing simplified- Child in more natural position
Robe modeled in light and shadow that shows that there is a body underneath the robe
Madonna and Child, Fra Filippo Lippi 1440-45
Emotion of face -she looks like a real mother - tired, worn down
Madonna & Child
Realism & Expression
Expulsion from
the Garden
Masaccio, 1427
First nudes since
classical times.
Perspective
Raphael, The Marriage of the Virgin, 1504
Masolino’s ‘St. Peter Healing a Cripple and the
Raising of Tabitha’ (1425)
Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise
Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
Venus of Urbino – Titian, 1558
School of Athens (1510)-Raphael
Plato and Aristotle on either side of center axis
Plato points skyward to indicate his idealistic
worldview
Aristotle gestures to ground to to show his
concern with the real world
Metaphysical philosophers on Plato’s side
Physical scientists on Aristotle’s side
Raphael on extreme right
Figures grouped and placed on purpose
Michelangelo
EuclidFeatures of
Bramante
\
Socrates
Reconstruction of the central vanishing point within the full architectural scope of Raphael’s ‘School
of Athens’, which measures 8 m wide by 6 m high. Note that the vanishing point, though accurate,
does not fall on any significant feature of the scene, such as Aristotle’s outstretched hand nearby.
Leonardo da Vinci
 True
Renaissance
man 
 Scientist
 Inventor/Engineer
 Artist
http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/leonardo/leonardo_narrowband.htm?middle
Mona
Lisa
(1503) Lisa di
Antonio Maria
Gherandini
“Mona” - Italian
version of
madonna or my
lady
The
Last
Supper
 Original Now
1495-98
What original might
have looked like 
vertical
horizontal
Perspective!
Michelangelo
The Pieta (1499)
David
1501-04
The Sistine Chapel
1508-12
Frescoes
 The Creation
Fall from Grace 
Final Judgment Day
The Vatican Museum Website
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http://mv.vatican.va/3_EN/pages/CSN/CSN_
Main.html
Literature
Petrarch  Father of Humanism
Boccaccio  Decameron 
Literature
Machiavelli  The Prince 
Literature
Dante  The Divine
Comedy 
The End