Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Renaissance Rebirth of learning and Culture in Europe Pre-Renaissance Europe • The Crusades: 1095 - 1496 • Christian knights wage war against Muslims for control of Jerusalem resulting in bitterness, increased trade and cultural diffusion in Western Europe • The Black Plague: 1300s • • Kills 25 million Europeans Results: (“The 3 D’s”) • Desire to celebrate life and humanity • Doubts about the Church • Desire for new ways of expression Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? • Thriving cities • Wealthy merchants and bankers • • Medici family – “Godfathers” of the Renaissance Renewed interest in classical Rome & Greece roots What new values did people hold? • HUMANISM – emphasizes individual achievements and abilities • Focus on secular ideas (concern with worldly matters) • Patrons encourage beautiful works by financially supporting artists, writers and musicians (ex. Medici family) • Renaissance man – Master of many fields of study or work (ex. Leonardo da Vinci – painter, scientist & inventor) Francesco Petrarch, Father of Humanism Individuals Take Charge • • • Leonardo da Vinci, “The Renaissance Man” “Man can do all things if they will” - Leon Battista Alberti People started believing in the ability of humans to do great things As a result, new technology develops AND people start to work to create better cities and countries How did art change during the Renaissance? • Sculptors made figures more realistic • Painters used perspective to create three-dimensional illusion • Subjects were no longer mostly religious Your Turn: Create a T-Chart to Compare and Contrast the following pieces of art: Middle Age Art Renaissance Art Renaissance Ideas… in Action • • • • Johann Gutenberg creates the printing press which increases the production of books As a result, new ideas of the Renaissance are spread throughout Europe Books are written in vernacular - Everyday language that all understand Authors express own thoughts and feelings Ex. Dante – realistic poetry Machiavelli – understanding government The Reformation • • • Begins as a protest to the practices of the Roman Catholic Church Teaches people that faith in God, not good works, leads to eternal life Encourages people to read the Bible to strengthen their faith in God’s word How it Began • • • Martin Luther, Author of the 95 Theses Indulgences – Sold to free people from their sins Monks (religious men) begin to disagree with the sale of indulgences Martin Luther writes 95 Theses about why it’s wrong to sell indulgences The Church Responds • The pope or leader of the Catholic Church excommunicates Martin Luther from the Church • Luther continues to share his ideas and gains many followers who are called Lutherans What can you learn from art? You work at a museum that is considering buying this painting by Jan van Eyck. It is a portrait of Chancellor Rolin, a powerful government official in Burgundy (later part of France). Before deciding, the museum director wants to know what this painting can teach the public about the Renaissance. Chancellor Rolin Jan van Eyck 1. What can you infer about the setting of the painting? 2. What details in the painting give you an idea of the role of religion in society? 1. 2. 3. Classical Art -Renaissance artists admired classical art. The columns show classical style. Perspective – Van Eyck used the technique of perspective which shows distant objects as smaller than close ones. He also used oil paints, a new invention. Religion – This painting portrays the infant Jesus and his mother Mary in 15thcentury Europe. Such a depiction shows the continuing importance of religion during the Renaissance. 4. 5. The Individual – Renaissance artists portrayed the importance of individuals. Chancellor Rolin is wearing a fur-trimmed robe that shows his high status. Beauty – Van Eyck included many details simply to add beauty. These include the design on the floor, the folds of Mary’s cloak, and the scenery outside. • List the similarities and differences for these two works of art. . Focus on the following: - facial expressions - Use of color - Amount of detail - Background - Use of light and shadow • (Mona Lisa is more realistic, uses shadows, and has darker, more subtle colors. Both artworks are finely detailed, especially the backgrounds.) • Based on this analysis and information in the text, what can you conclude about Renaissance art? (more realistic than medieval art, especially in use of light, shadow and perspective.) David Michelangelo School of Athens Raphael