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Summer Remediation World History II SOL 2 & 3 SOL 2: Renaissance • Renaissance rebirth of classical writing of Greece and Rome. • Spread from Italian city-states to Northern Europe. • Growth of humanism. – new emphasis on the power of human reason – individualism & independence – growth of secularism From looking at this map, what country did the Renaissance start in? Where did it spread? • Renaissance ArtistPainted Sistine Chapel and sculpted la Pieta and David • Father of Humanism – Francesco Petrarch – Michelangelo • Most famous Christian humanist – Erasmus • Renaissance playwright and writer of sonnets – William Shakespeare • Renaissance artist – Painted Mona Lisa and Last Supper – Leonardo da Vinci • Invented Printing Press, helped spread Renaissance ideas – Johannes Gutenberg What are these works and who created them? • What is this? • Who invented it? • What impact did it have on society? • Printing Press • Johannes Gutenberg • Increase in printing of books and literacy (the ability to read) • Spread the ideas of the Renaissance and Reformation What are these works and who created them? The Protestant Reformation I. PROTESTANT – Someone who protests against the Catholic Church. II. REFORMation – A demand for change; improvement. III. Protestant Reformation begins when the church caused protesters to say… Indulgences – Certificates that lessen the punishment for sin. I. Church sells “forgiveness” to make $. II. Angers Merchants Merchants – want Usury I. Lending money and charging interest. II. Catholic Church condemns usury. Absolute power and wealth of the church. I. Church becomes increasingly powerful throughout Middle Ages. II. As power increases, so does corruption. III. Pope is in charge IV. People desire change Domination of the church by Italians. I. Centered in Rome – Italians Rule II. Non-Italians (German, French, English) are mad. Martin Luther I. Three main ideas, all of which are… Faith saves people – not good works. I. Catholic Church – salvation by following church. FOLLOW THE CHURCH = SALVATION FOLLOW THE SAVIOR = SALVATION Ultimate authority for Christians – Bible I. Catholic Church – ultimate authority is the Pope. = ULTIMATE AUTHORITY Nobody is more important in God’s eyes. I. Catholic Church – Pope is most important, then clergy, then laity (regular people). God Pope God Cardinal Archbishop Bishop Priest Laity (Average Citizens) People WHII. 3 Reformation • Reformation – splitting of the Catholic Church into different Christian sects such as Calvinism, Lutheranism, and Anglicanism. • Martin Luther began the reformation with the posting of the 95 theses which protested the sale of indulgences. – Split Germany between Protestant north and Catholic south – Questioned the authority of the church John Calvin I. His ideas hit the church with a… Predestination – God choses those who go to Heaven I. Catholic Church – Good works get you heaven, not God. II. Calvinism – Belief in Calvin’s teachings (God predestines (choses) those who go to Heaven). Our moral lives reveal if we’re chosen by God I. Catholic Church – Amount of works reveal salvation. FOLLOW THE CHURCH/ GOOD WORKS = SALVATION BE CHOSEN BY GOD/ HAVE FAITH = SALVATION Work ethic that honors God I. Catholic Church – Follow the Church and its traditions. II. Calvinism – If you are chosen by God, you will demonstrate a work ethic that honors Him. John Calvin believed in predestination and theocracy. King Henry VIII I. When it comes to the Anglican Church, he was Divorce: Henry wants one, Pope says NO! I. Catholic Church – Absolute power; overrules the King. Give me a divorce, Pope! No, Henry! It’s against church law! Anglican Church – Henry is in charge; so long Pope! I. Catholic Church – loses authority in England. The Anglican Church is now the Church of England, and I am it’s leader. Decline in Catholic land and wealth in England. I. Catholic Church – Declining power across Europe WHII. 3 Reformation • Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I made the Anglican Church the Church of England and defeated the Spanish Armanda = strengthened England. • Reformation lead to religious tolerance and was spread by the printing press. WHII.3 Counter-Reformation • Reform the Catholic Church to stop the spread of Protestantism. • Jesuits – created to spread Catholicism. • Church did not want to give up authority or control. WHII.3 Counter-Reformation • EDICT OF NANTES – FREEDOM FOR FRENCH PROTESTANT (HUGUENOTS)…LATER REVOKED! • INQUISITION – Catholic Court for Heretics! • COUNCIL OF TRENT – Organized Catholic Doctrine WHII.3 Counter-Reformation • JESUITS – Catholic Missionaries; established many colleges. • JESUITS - spread Catholic beliefs, Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) in hopes of keeping believers within the faith. • Cardinal Richelieu changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religious to a political conflict. Reformation • First to ever break away from • Combined Catholic and Protestant to come up with Catholic Church, German monk, Anglican Church faith – Elizabeth I – Martin Luther \ • God predestines certain people • Broke away from Catholic Church because of divorce to go to Heaven – Henry VIII – John Calvin • French Catholic, changed the focus of the 30 Years War to political from religious – Cardinal Richelieu • Founded the Jesuits – Ignatius Loyola • Catholic order that spread the Catholic Religion. -- Jesuits The ideas of the Renaissance spread from Italian city-states to a. b. c. d. northern Africa. South America. southern Asia. northern Europe. Which name is correctly matched with a box in this diagram? a. Leonardo da Vinci in box 1 b. William Shakespeare in box 1 c. Machiavelli in Box 2 d. Michelangelo in Box 2 In addition to humanism, what other influences shape Renaissance artists and thinkers? a. b. c. d. style of art by the Byzantine Empire works of classical Greece and Rome state patronage of the arts Glorious Revolution in England Which famous Renaissance artist painted a portrait of a merchant’s wife, known as the Mona Lisa? a. b. c. d. Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael Petrarch These studies focusing on classic Greek and Roman texts were of major importance during the — a. Catholic Reformation b. Italian Renaissance c. Glorious Revolution d. Industrial Revolution Which idea is most associated with John Calvin? a. Ultimate authority comes from the Bible. b. People are equal before God. c. Salvation depends on faith alone. d. Fate is determined by predestination. Which statement completes this diagram? a. Priests gave up positions of leadership in their community. b. Nobles decided to abandon the beliefs of Christianity. c. Beliefs encouraging religious toleration became widely accepted. d. New religions that rejected the authority of the Pope were established.