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1.5 Routes for Administering
Drugs to the Body
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What is a drug?
Structure of the Digestive System
The Mouth and Digestive System
The Stomach
The Small Intestine
The Large Intestine
Drugs and the Digestive System
Delivering Drugs to the Body
Tablets and Capsules
Drugs Swallowed in Liquid Form
Dermal Patches and Subdermal implants
Vitamins
What is a Drug?
• A chemical substance that changes the
physiological state of the human body.
• Drugs are used for the prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
• Eg. Analgesics(pain relievers),
anaesthetics, antihistamines, antibiotics,
anticoagulants, vaccines, hormone
replacements.
• Psychotropic drugs affect the mind and
include antidepressants, tranquilisers,
How to Be Effective as a Drug
• To reach the intended site of action at the
correct dosage
• Treats the condition for which it was
designed.
• It lasts long enough in the body for it to
take effect.
• It only affects the tissue it is designed for.
• It has few side effects on other tissues or
body tissues
• Most drugs reach the intended site via the
bloodstream.
• Some injected directly but most are
absorbed through the digestive system.
• Passage is affected by;
• The action of the digestive juices, stomach
acid and enzymes
• Drugs can be solid tablets/capsules or
solutions
Structure of the Digestive
System
Structure of the Digestive
System
The Stomach
The Small Intestine
The Large Intestine
Drugs and the Digestive System
The Large Intestine
Drugs and the Digestive System
Delivering Drugs to the Body
• Vitamins
Tablets and Capsules
• If the active ingredient of a tablet is
sensitive to acid, or is irritant to the
stomach lining, an enteric coating can be
used, which is resistant to stomach acid,
and dissolves in the less acidic area of the
intestines. Enteric coatings are also used
for medicines that can be negatively
affected by taking a long time to reach the
small intestine, where they are absorbed.
Drugs Swallowed in Liquid Form
Dermal Patches and Subdermal
implants
Vitamins