Download GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING

GASTROINTESTINAL
BLEEDING
Part 2
Stephanie Faith C. Bautista
COMMON CAUSES
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Anal fissure
Aorto-enteric fistula
Cancer
of the
small
intestine
Angiodysplasias
Celiac
sprue
Colon cancer
Dieulafoy's
lesion
Crohn's disease
Esophageal varices
Shigella stool - Dysentery
Esophagitis
Entamoeba histolytica
Gastric (stomach) ulcer
Hemorrhoids
Intestinal polyps
Duodenal ulcer
Ischemic bowel
Radiation injury to the bowel
Nosebleed
Intestinal vasculitis
Meckel's diverticulum
Portal hypertensive
gastropathy
intussusception
Stomach cancer
Ulcerative colitis
Endoscopy
Endoscopic images of a
duodenal ulcer
A physician using an endoscope
An example of a flexible endoscope.
Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy
Gastrointestinal Videoscope
Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy System
for Observation Using Specific Light
Spectra.
World's First Gastrointestinal Videoscopes
with Auto Fluorescence Imaging. The AFI
produces enhanced images showing
differences in the coloration of tumorous
and normal mucosa by irradiating blue
light on mucosa.
Colonovideoscope
AFI offers an easy way to distinguish
between normal and tumorous tissue by
combining an auto fluorescence image
with the image of green reflected light
which depicts the absorbed light of
hemoglobin, so that normal tissue
appears pale green, tumorous tissue
magenta, and deep blood vessels dark
green.
Early stomach cancer
imaging under normal
light
Early stomach cancer
imaging of chromoendoscopy under
normal light
Early stomach cancer
imaging by AFI
Angiogram
Arteriogram of patient with acute massive
gastrointestinal bleeding, localizing the source of the
bleeding to the ascending colon (arrow).
Enteroscopy
The double-balloon enteroscope can also be passed
in retrograde fashion, through the colon and into
the ileum to visualize the end of the small bowel.
Double-balloon enteroscopy, also known as
push-and-pull enteroscopy is an endoscopic
technique for visualization of the small bowel
Enteroscopy
The technique involves the use of a balloon at the end of a special
enteroscope camera and an overtube, which is a tube that fits over
the endoscope, and which is also fitted with a balloon.
The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia, but may be
done with the use of conscious sedation.
The enteroscope and overtube are inserted through the mouth and
passed in conventional fashion (that is, as with gastroscopy) into
the small bowel.
Following this, the endoscope is advanced a small distance in front of
the overtube and the balloon at the end is inflated.
Using the assistance of friction at the interface of the enteroscope and
intestinal wall, the small bowel is accordioned back to the overtube.
The overtube balloon is then deployed, and the enteroscope balloon is
deflated. The process is then continued until the entire small bowel
is visualized.
Capsule Endoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy