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How pollutants affect us Review Four ways that pollutants can get inside our bodies? How do air pollutants get into our bodies? Name three air pollutants and where they come from, and what their effects on human health could be. Another way pollutants get into the body: Ingestion What is ingestion? Ingestion is the process of eating or drinking. Digestion Digestion is the process food goes through starting when it is first chewed. Food goes down the esophagus, into the stomach, then into the small intestine, then into the large intestine and out the anus. Digestion • Other organs are involved in digestion Food that goes into the small intestine is mixed with fluids from the liver and pancreas. Absorption Nutrients and contaminants are absorbed in the small intestine into the bloodstream. Our intestines have tiny little folds in them so we can absorb as many nutrients as possible – these folds are called villi. Ingesting contaminants Contaminants that are ingested (eaten, drunk) can damage parts of the digestive system – like the stomach or the intestines and they can enter the blood to affect the rest of the body. Types of ingested contaminants • Chemicals – PCBs (polychlorinated biphenol) still in environment, agricultural chemicals like lindane, BPA • Heavy metals – lead, mercury • Pathogens – Salmonella, Listeria (food poisoning) Impacts on human health • Chemicals – immune/hormone system disorders, links to cancer (depends on chemical) • Heavy metals – brain damage, kidney damage, death • Pathogens – diarrhea, vomiting, if not treated - death Defenses in the digestive system • If the body senses a contaminant or a pathogen, then it can empty its contents through vomiting. Digestion defenses The liver: The liver works like a filter to get rid of contaminants in the blood.