Download Tour Guide - TangHua2012-2013

A Travel of
Human
Digestive
System
11B
Cissy Gao
NOTE!! Please play the ppt instead of just go through
it simply, hard to learn anything if you do not dig into
what is my experience after travelling through
human digestive system. I~AM~SERIOUS!
----Tour Guide---• Oral cavity
–Lips
–Teeth
–Salivary
Glands
–Pharynx
–Epiglottis
–Esophagus
----Tour Guide---• Abdominal
Cavity
–Stomach
–Duodenum
–Pancreas
–Gall Bladder
–Liver
----Tour Guide---• Lower Abdominal
Cavity
–Small Intestine
–Appendix
–Large Intestine
----Tour Guide---• Pelvic Cavity
–Rectum
–Anus
----The End of Tour Guide----
Now lets
getting
started!!
Before you go....
• You need to know:
• Chemical digestion is an organ secret
juice and the enzyme in it helps to
chemical break down food.
• Mechanical digestion is an organ use
movement to help chemical digestion.
Well... Do you know where to start?
Oral Cavity
Liver
Gall
Bladder
Click any blue word
to have a try?
Esophagus
Abdonimal
Cavity
Duodenum
Stomach
Large
Intestine
Pancreas
Cecum
Small
Intestine
Appendix
Rectum
Pelvic Cavity
Anus
Done?
Of course not! You have other
things to know!
Click here to have a look?
Not yet...Some other other things..
Click here to have another look?
No some other other other things..
Click here to have the last look?
The Oral Cavity
The Oral Cavity is another fancy name of
mouth. It's primary function is for food
storage while we are chewing it. Oral
Cavity is a also the place where saliva is
mixed with food. It contains:
(Click words to see this part)
- Lips
- Teeth
- Tougue
- Pharynx
- Epiglottis - Esophagus
- Salivary Glands
Back
Lips
Lips are one of our body
part which can be seen. It
located at mouth, on our
face (I am sure that you all
know about that). They are
soft, movable, and was
used to help holding food
in our mouth. Our lips can
feel cold and hot, in
another word, it is an
organ which allows to use
sense to know what we are
eating. It also help to
direct food onto our teeth.
This place is
where our travel
of digestive
system begins.
Back
TEETH
Teeth are the hardest
part of our body. They are
used to help us cutting
foods into smaller pieces,
which is our first process
of mechanical digestion.
They will be dirty if people
cigarette smoke, drink soft
drinks or coffee. It is hard
to clean!! Well...You
know...have a mouth of
black teeth is very
disgusting!!!
Um...These
teeth are pretty
beautiful. Let's
go!!!!
Back
Tongue
Oh gosh, I think I feel
something soft. That is
tongue. It's main function
is to mix the food with
saliva, push food onto the
teeth and push food into
the esophagus (which
connect with the stomach).
In my opinion, it is very
easy to hurt, when you
chewing food and drink hot
water. Tell you a secret...I
have hurted by many
times!!
Now I am moist
enough and next
step is pharynx!!
Let's keep going~
Back
PHARYNX
When people swallowing,
the food (which is smaller
pieces) is in the pharynx.
In another words, the
process of swallowing
taking place at here. It is a
region that recieves air
from the nasal cavities and
food from the mouth.
Esophagus and trachea
connect to it. Esophagus is
for food and trachea is for
air.
When can we
reach esophagus?
Oh man don't
worry we are
almost there!!
Back
Epiglottis
Epiglottis is a small
structure but it has big
funciton and it is such an
important thing that human
beings cannot without it.
Epiglottis located on the top
of trachea, it close the
trachea when people
swallowing, which prevent
food from going into trachea.
It is important because if
food goes into your trachea
you will die!!!
Next step???
We are going to
esophagus!! And
then you
know...Stomach!
Back
Esophagus
Esophagus is a long muscular
tube that connect mouth and
stomach. A process called
peristalsis happened in
esophagus and pushes the food
down through it. Esophagus
plays no role in the chemical
digestion of food but it's
function is use peristalsis to
mechanical transfer food to
stomach. Sphincters are
muscles at the bottom of
esophagus. It opens when food
reach the bottom of esophagus
and food goes into stomach!
Do you smell
some smelly
things like HCL?
Yeah we are
going to
Stomach!
Back
Salivary Glands
Salivary Glands are three
pairs of glands which send
saliva to mouth. They
located beside check and
under the tongue. Saliva is
a juice which contains
salivary amylase -- a kind of
enzyme that can digest
carbohydrate. This is were
chemical digestion first
begins. Saliva's second
function is to moist food
pieces and let it go through
esophagus easily.
These three
pairs of salivary
glands has their
own name. Can
you remember?
Back
Abdominal Cavity
The Abdonimal Cavity located at the
middle of human upper body. It
contains most of the most important
organs in the body and they are:
(Click words to see this part)
- Liver
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- Gall Bladder
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Appendix
Back
Liver
Liver is a dark-red internal
organ. It is also the biggest
organ in the digestive
system. It located at upper
abdominal cavity. It
produces bile and stores
protein. The bile it produces
then goes into the gall
bladder and stay in it. When
the bile is needed it will
leave the gall bladder and
goes into the small intestine.
It is used to break down
proteins.
We are at
Abdonimal Cavity
now!! Is that
means our travel of
digestive system
complete a half?:(
Back
Stomach
Now we are at stomach.
After the food exits the
esophagus it enters the
stomach. It is a J- shaped
organ at the end of the
esophagus. Most mechanical
digestion takes place in the
stomach. Stomach chemical
digest food with HCl and
some kind of other enzyme
like pepsin.
After I through
the stomach I
became
Details about these structure:chyme...Disgusting
cardiac sphincter
chyme....Now we
pyloric sphincter
are going to small
Back
Cardiac & Pyloric
sphincter
Cardiac sphincter locates at
the top of the stomach and it
connects with esophagus. It
closed to prevent gastric
juice (Hydrocloric Acid) from
going into esophagus.
 Pyloric sphincter located at
the bottom of the stomach
and it connects with
duodenum. It sometimes
open to let small amout of
chyme to enter the small
intestine.(Duodenum is a
part of the small intestine.)
Back
Pancreas
The pancreas is a small organ
which located under the
stomach. Food do not go there,
but it is still a part of digestive
system because it release things
to help digestive food! It is also
used to produces enzymes.
These enzymes, like pancreatic
amylase and trypsin, after they
are produce in the pancreas flow
into the small intestine. They
help the small intestine break
down starches, proteins, and
fats. Pancreas is an important
organ, without it, we can get
harmful disease like diabetes.
Hey..Did you see
this pancrease is
smiling to you?
Just say hello!
Back
Gall bladder
The gall bladder is a small
organ located underneath
the liver. This is used to
storage. It stores bile after
it is produce in the liver.
Later the bile would flow
into the small intestine. Bile
helps the small intestine
break down fat particles.
The gall bladder is green as
well as the bile. Food do not
go through the gall bladder,
but it is still a part of
digestive system because it
store things which helps
digestive food.
Do you know the
taste of bile...Hey
its...very
bitter...Because of
this I hope i never
travel here again!
Back
Small Intestine
After the food exits the stomach, it
enters the small intestine. The small
intestine is the longest organ in
human body. It is almost 7 meters
long!! It is also where most chemical
digestion occurs. The enzymes from
the pancreas and the bile from the
liver are release to the here when
the food particles are coming into
this organ. The small intestine is line
with villi that absorb all of the
nutrients out of the material that
come in. The first part of the small
intestine is duodenum.
More details of inside small intestine:
 Villi
It is a long
journey you
know... Please
just enjoy it~
Back
Villi
Villi are small finger-shaped structures
inside the small intestine. There are
millions of villi on it. It increase the
surface area of the small intestine. The
villi after it absorbs the nutrients
passes all of this nutrients into the
bloodstream.
Microvilli are small structures on villus
(each of villi is called a villus).
The nutrients that are absorve pass
from the villi cells, to the bloodstream
which take all of this imoprtant
nutrients around the body. The
nutrients are carry throughout the
body for use of body cells.
Back
Large Intestine
The materials reaches the large
intestine after it ends the small
intestine. By this time basically
all nutrients have been
absorbed. The large intestine is
the last section of the digestive
system. It is about 1.5 meters
long. The large intestine
contains bacteria that feeds on
the material passing through.
This bacteria is very helpful
because it produces vitamin K.
Mostly all water is absorbed in
the large intestine.
Parts of Large intestine?
We are almost
at the end of
the digestive
system
travel :(
Back
Parts of the large
intestine
Cecum
Back
Appendix
The appendix located at one
end of the large intestine. It
is the only non-function
structure inside human body.
Although it does not have
any function, it can still
cause disease which is called
appendicitis. People may get
acute appendicitis because of
strenuous exercise after meal.
If people don't have surgery
immediately it will cause
death. It's a very serious
problem please treat this
seriously.
We are almost
at the end of
the digestive
system
travel :(
Back
Pelvic Cavity
The Pelvic Cavity is the last part of
human digestive system. The
digestive process end at the large
intestine. It contains:
(Click words to see this part)
- Rectum
- Anus
Back
Rectum
The rectum is a short tube
that is the last part of the
digestive system. The
waste of human body
stores here until it does not
have space to store it.
Did you smell fresh air?
I think you did, because
we are ready to get out
of human body!
Back
Anus
The anus is a muscular
opening at the end of
the rectum. Here is
where all waste is
remove from the body.
Remove waste from body?
You don't understand
that? OK that's called
pooping I tell you... Now
we are out of the body
and we are in...
Back
Ways to digest
 Chemical digestion of carbohydrates
starts in the mouth and it happens in oral
cavity and small intestine.
 Chemical digestion of proteins starts in
the stomach and it happens in the stomach
and the small intestine.
 Chemical digestion of fats starts in the
duodenum (small intestine) and it happens
only in the small intestine.
Back
Enzymes you need to know
Enzymes
Produced by
Site of Action
Optimum pH Digestion
Salivary
amylase
Salivary glands
Mouth
Neutural
Starch + H2O → maltose
Pancreatic
amylase
Pancreas
Small intestine
Basic
Starch + H2O → maltose
Maltase
Small intestine
Small intestine
Basic
Maltose + H2O → 2glucose
Pepsin
Gastric glands
Stomach
Acidic
Protein + H2O → peptides
Trypsin
Pancreas
Small intestine
Basic
Protein + H2O → peptides
Peptidases
Small intestine
Small intestine
Basic
Peptide + H2O
→ amino acids
Nuclease
Pancreas
Small intestine
Basic
RNA & DNA + H2O
→ nucleotides
Nucleosidase Small intestine
Small intestine
Basic
Nucleotide + H2O
→ base + sugar + phosphate
Lipase
Small intestine
Basic
Fat droplet + H2O
→ glycerol + fatty acids
Pancreas
Back
HAHA !! I am just joking~
• Congratulations!!!!!!!
• You've done your travel of human
digestive system!!!!!!!
• Wish you have a good dinner!!!!!!
• See you!!!!!!
Thank you for
watching !
PS: All the pictures are from www.bing.com
and some of them have been edited.