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• Breaks down food • Absorption and reabsorption of water and other nutrients • Eliminates waste • GI tract: “tube” from mouth to anus • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus • Accessory digestive organs • Teeth • Tongue • Salivary glands • Liver • Gallbladder • Pancreas • Esophagus: passageway for food into the stomach • Stomach: saclike structure; chemical and mechanical digestion • Small Intestine: completes digestion; absorption of nutrients into body* • Large Intestine: absorption of water and minerals; eliminate indigestible material • Rectum: part of large intestine; last part of GI tract • Anus: terminates GI tract; passage of stool • Teeth: mechanical breakdown of food • Tongue: food manipulation, taste, swallowing • Salivary Glands: production of enzymes to begin breakdown of food • Liver: production of bile; removal of glucose (sugar) from blood; vitamin storage; destruction/transformation of toxic products; maintenance of blood glucose levels; destruction of erythrocytes and release of bilirubin; production of blood proteins that aid in clotting of blood • Gallbladder: storage of bile • Pancreas: provides digestive juices; functions outside of digestive system as well • Ulcers: open lesion of mucosa in GI tract; most common in stomach or duodenum; treated with antibiotics and antacids • Ulcerative Colitis: inflammation of colon with formation of ulcers in lining of intestine; characterized by frequent, watery stools • Hernia: protrusion of organ through wall of cavity in which it is contained; most common in GI tract and may develop in the diaphragm or through the opening where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm; in the groin, at the umbilicus • Bowel Obstruction: many causes including the bowel twisting in on itself, “telescoping” (intussusception) of intestine • Hemorrhoids: caused by enlargement of veins in the mucous membrane of anal canal; can be internal or external; result of pressure on the veins from either straining to pass stool, pushing during childbirth or a tumor large enough to produce pressure • Liver Disorders: hepatitis: viral, alcoholic, idiopathic; cirrhossis; often seen with overuse of alcohol; jaundice is a common sign; generally not curable • Diverticulosis/itis: small pockets develop on walls of large intestine and usually do not cause problems; if they become infected and/or inflamed, the condition is referred to as diverticulitis; treatment ranges from antibiotic regimen to partial colectomy to partial colectomy with placement of colostomy