Download TOPIC :---LIFE PROCESSES CLASS :--

TOPIC :---LIFE PROCESSES
CLASS :--- 10th
SUB TOPIC :--- NUTRITION IN HUMAN
BEINGS
GENERAL OBJECTIVES :--•
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To develop scientific attitude among students
To develop the habit of working in groups
To corelate knowledge with the environment
To inculcate spirit of inquiring
To finish the work in required time
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES :--• To impart knowledge about nutrition to the
students
• To impart knowledge about the functions of
alimentry canal
• Importance of digestive system
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE TESTING
(MOTIVATION )
• Q1. Why we take food ?
• Q2. Is nutrition is necessary for both
plants/animals.
• Q3. How plants take food ?
• Q4. How animals get food ?
• Q5. In which form we take food ?
TIME MANAGEMENT
S NO. ACTIVITIES
TIME INTERVALS
1.
Motivation &
P.K Testing
3 min.
2.
Presentation by
teacher
8 min.
3.
Group formation &
their activities
11 min.
4.
Assignments &
feedback
10 min.
5.
Home Assignments
3 min.
Presentation by teacher
• NUTRITION IN HUMAN BEINGS
• Human beings are heterotrophic ,carnivorous
organisms. They obtain their food from plants,
animals and animal products by holistic mode of
nutrition. They take this food in complex form
which requires to break down into simpler
substances. This is done by digestive system
present in our body.
• The human digestive system consists of
alimentary canal and associated glands.
ALIMENTARY CANAL
The alimentary canal is long tube with muscular walls and
glandular epithelium which extends from mouth to
anus. The alimentary canal consists of several organs.
1. MOUTH
2. BUCCAL CAVITY
3. PHARYNX
4. OESOPHAGUS
5. STOMACH
6. SMALL INTESTINE
7. LARGE INTESTINE
Presentation By the Teacher
8min.
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Digestive system :-
Alimentary canal
Mouth
Buccal cavity
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
anus
Digestive Glands
Salivary gland
Liver
Pancreas
Gastric
gland
Intestinal
gland
MOUTH
• It is the uppermost opening of the digestive
system which is guarded by two soft movable
lips and opens into buccal cavity.
BUCCAL CAVITY
• It is a large space bounded by upper immovable
and lower movable jaw which bears four types of
teeth and a soft muscular tongue.
• The buccal cavity has three pairs of salivary
glands (parotid, sublingual and sub maxillary)
which secrets saliva through their ducts.
• The saliva contains water ,mucus and salivary
amylase(ptyalin ) .
• The enzymes salivary amylase breaks down the
starch and glycogen into maltose.
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Pharynx
• T he pharynx is about 12cm long funnel
shaped vertical canal which serves as a
passage way for food from buccal cavity to the
esophagus.
Esophagus
• The esophagus is a long tubular structure
which serves to carry the food from pharynx
to stomach by peristaltic movement.
Stomach
• The stomach is wide J-shaped muscular sac present ton the left side
of the abdomen consisting of three partsv.iz. cardiac,fundus and
pyloric parts.
• The stomach serves four main functions
• 1. Storage of food
• 2. Mechanical churning of food
• 3. Partial digestion
• 4. Regulation of the flow of food into the small intestine
• The walls of the stomach possesses three types of gastric glands
which secrete gastric juice containing HCl, pepsin protein digesting
enzyme & mucus.
• gastric juice also contain some lipase which partially break down
lipids
Small intestine
• It is largest part of alimentary canal measuring
6m further divided into three parts –duodenum
,jejunum and ileum.
• Duodenum is a U shaped structure that starts
after the pyloric end of the stomach and ends
into jejunum. The duodenum receives the
secretion of common duct formed by the union
of bile duct and pancreatic duct. The bile duct
carries bile. The bile is secreted by liver and
stored in the gallbladder until needed in the
duodenum.
SMALL INTESTINE CONTD.
• The jejunum is the upper part and ileum is the lower
part of small intestine which follows the duodenum.
• Completion of digestion and absorption of the digested
food occurs in the small intestine. The intestinal juice is
called succus entericus which is a mixture of several
enzymes. All these enzymes act upon different types of
food.
• The action of these enzymes causes conversion of
PROTEINS into AMINO ACIDS, CARBOHYDRATES into
GLUCOSE, FATS into FATTY ACIDS and GLYCEROLS etc.
VILLI :--• The wall of small intestine is raised into
numerous projections called VILLI.The villi are
leaf shaped in duodenum, tongue like in
jejunum and finger like in ileum. The villi
greatly increases the absorptive surface area
of the inner lining of intestine.
LARGE INTESTINE :--• The small intestine is followed by large
intestine which consists of three parts --caecum, colon and rectum. The large
intestine is shorter but wider than small
intestine. It is arranged around the mass of
small intestine in the form of a ( ? ).It lacks
vile but secretes mucous.
CAECUM
• The caecum is a short sac like structure
present between the ileum and colon. It bears
a short worm like projection called appendix.
Colon
• The greater part of large intestine is colon
which gives sacculated appearance due to a
series of constrictions.
• The colon is followed by about 15-20 cm. long
vertical column called rectum.
rectum
• Rectum has longitudinal folds and large blood
vessels. The undigested food is collected as
faeces in the rectum. The rectum leads
through 2-5 cm. long anal canal to the exterior
at the anus. The rectal wall mainly absorb
water from the undigested food. It also
secretes mucus for lubrication. The faecal
matter is egested out through anal opening.
GROUP FORMATION
• Group 1draw and label the diagram of human
alimentary canal.
• Group 2. Give the functions of bile juice.
• Group 3. Name types of enzymes involved in the
digestion of food.
• Group 4.Draw the flow chart of digestive system.
• Group 5. Match the following : --•
Liver
secretion of HCL & mucus
• Small Intestine Absorption of water
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Gall bladder
Completion of digestion
• Gastric gland
Bile stored
ASSIGNMENT / FEEDBACK
• 1. -------IN THE STOMACH KILLS GERMS.
• 2. THE SALIVA CONTAINS AN ENZYMES CALLED -------.
• 3. THE RHYTHMIC MOVEMENT BY WHICH THE FOOD IS
TAKEN TO THE STOMACH THROUGH FOOD PIPE.
• 4. -------IS SECREATED BY THE LIVER.
• 5. DEFINE ENZYME.
• 6.WHICH IS THE LONGEST PART OF THE ALIMENTARY
CANAL.
• 7. DEFINE ALIMENTARY CANAL.
• 8. GIVE EXAMPLES OF SAPROPHYTES.
• 9. THE INNER LINING OF SMALL INTESTINE HAS
NUMEROUS FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS CALLED --------
1. Home assignments
• Q1. What is the role of saliva in the digestion
of food?
• Q2. What is the difference between
autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?
• Q3. What is the role of acid in our stomach?
• Q4. How is small intestine design to absorb
digested food?
• Q5. What is the function of digestive
enzymes'?
PREPARED BY
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SH.DEVENDER SINGH ATWAL GHS SAKOUT
SH. ASHWANI KUMAR DHIAL GHS SOHOURA
SMT. VINEETA SAHAI
GSSS KACHHIARI
SMT. BANDANA SOOD
GHS BIRTA
SMT. MAMTA SOOD
GSSS MATOUR
SH. ASHWANI CHOUDHARY GHS DEHRIAN
SMT. ARTI GUPTA
GSSS BOHAR KAWALU
SMT. MANISHA DOGRA GSSS ZAMANABAD
SH. VIKRAM HANS
GSSS SALOL
SH. RAJESH KUMAR
GSSS NEW KANGRA