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Healthy Eating For Life © ORCA Education Limited 2005 New Words The Western World Diet Eating Habit Too much salt Too much saturated fat Too many NME sugars Not enough dietary fibre (NSP) Over-eating © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Match the habit to the problem Problem Dental caries, obesity, under nutrition Bowel disorders, constipation, haemorrhoids, bowel cancer High cholesterol, heart disease, obesity Higher risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes, obesity * High blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure Government Interest The government is concerned about people’s health for social and economic reasons. In 1992 the Government white paper ‘The Health of the nation’ was launched for health improvement. It set long term targets to improve the nations health including: Where do you think there has been little improvement? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved improve the national diet decrease heart disease reduce stroke cases reduce cancer deaths tackle obesity. The Healthy Eating Guidelines 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. In 1990, the old Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) produced ‘Eight Guidelines to a Healthy Diet’: enjoy your food eat a variety of different foods eat the right amount to be a healthy weight eat plenty of foods rich in starch and fibre don’t eat too much fat don’t eat sugary foods too often look after the vitamins and minerals in your food if you drink alcohol, keep within sensible limits. * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Healthy Eating For Specific Groups Everyone has different food needs. What things help decide what you eat? The healthy eating guidelines are a good guide but what are our special food needs throughout our lives. What do you think would be the special dietary needs of each of these people? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Pregnancy Pregnant women need enough energy and nutrients for the baby to grow, develop and be healthy. What diet does this pregnant woman need? Extra protein and energy especially during the last three months. Avoid soft cheeses undercooked meats and ready meals (due to risk of listeria). Foods rich in folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defect (400mcg/day). Fresh tuna may contain mercury. Dietary fibre(NSP)to prevent constipation. Foods rich in iron, calcium and vitamin D. © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Avoid too much vitamin A found in liver. Not too much caffeine and no alcohol as these can harm the developing baby. * Feeding Babies For the first 4 months it is recommended that babies are breastfed. The production of milk is called lactation. The mother should eat foods rich in protein, calcium, iron and zinc and vitamins A, C and D and drink more than normal to help produce the milk. The advantages of breastfeeding are: it is convenient it is free it has the exact ingredients it can reduce allergies © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved it contains antibodies to protect against infection it helps the mother lose weight after pregnancy it helps bond mother and child.* Toddlers and Young Children Good eating habits start at this age. Poor diets are difficult to change and may lead to health problems in later life. The parent or carer must ensure the child has a healthy diet. Young children should have a variety of food that are full of energy but also nutrient dense. They should have full-fat milk until 2 years old. Their stomachs cannot cope with high fibre foods such as wholemeal pasta or brown rice. Eating should be fun and social, sitting around the table with family and friends. * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Feeding Growing Children Good eating habits can help avoid obesity and other health problems. Choose frozen yoghurt rather than ice cream. Give bagels instead of doughnuts. Do not use food as a reward. Avoid too many convenience foods. These contain “hidden” amounts of fat, salt and sugar. Try to use fresh foods for children's meals. What would be good alternative foods on a children’s day out? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Teenagers Teenagers can have large appetites. It is important that they have three meals of high nutritional value. This will reduce their need to snack on foods that may be high in fats, sugar or salt. Teenagers have higher energy requirements than any other age group and should eat lots of starchy foods, fruit and vegetables. The diet should also include foods rich in protein, calcium, vitamins B and C and iron for girls. The daily requirement of iron for a male Why is it more difficult aged 11-18 is 11.3mg and for a female for parents to 14.8mg. supervise what teenagers eat? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Sport and Exercise People who are involved in sport or heavy exercise need a good diet. Foods rich in carbohydrate will provide energy. Starchy foods are best. They build up glycogen stores in the muscles which release energy. A good glycogen store is needed for stamina. Muscles need to refuel glycogen stores after exercise. As we eat more protein than we need, there is no need to eat extra. Drinking water will replace fluid lost in sweat. Do athletes need to eat and drink food supplements? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Which meal is best? If you were a sports nutritionist with the England Rugby Team which would you recommend? What score out of 10 would you give to each? The chicken is lean and easily digested. The vegetables provide minerals. The pasta gives easily used carbohydrates. The burger and the chips contain fats. The body will have to use energy and oxygen just to release the energy in fat in these foods. Less energy will reach the muscles. The meat is less easily digested. Animal fats (saturates) contain cholesterol which can build up in the arteries. © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved 9/10? 6/10? Older People This 75 year old man should have 2100 kcal and as much of the other nutrients (RNIs) as for younger adults. Why may very old people suffer from undernutrition? they are less active, eat less and miss out on nutrients mouth and teeth problems can make chewing difficult arthritis can cause difficulty handling kitchen equipment. they may be housebound and have difficulty shopping may not have enough money to buy adequate food they may not be bothered to cook if living alone. What advice would you give this person to help him have a healthy diet as he gets older? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Vegetarians A vegetarian diet might be more healthy. The Vegetarian Society estimate that there are 4.5 - 5 million (1 in 12) I read that growing people in Britain who are vegetarian crops is better for There are different types of the environment. vegetarians from people who eat some types of meat or animal I am put off meat by produce to those who eat no animal food scares like products. Salmonella and Why are more people becoming BSE. vegetarian? My friend won’t eat meat because she is a Buddhist. I also like the taste of good vegetarian food.* © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved I think it is wrong to kill animals even for food. A Vegetarian Diet Vegans eat no animal foods. Plant foods can supply all a vegan’s needs but they must eat a lot of these to get enough protein. A lacto-vegetarian will eat dairy products but not eggs. Their diet should contain enough nutrients, but they need to have enough foods containing iron. Soya, Quorn and fortified products (containing iron and B group vitamins) can be used to supplement their diet. Packaged food for vegetarians carries the V symbol. This symbol is important as some processed foods have hidden animal products such as gelatine, fish oil and rennet. Is a vegetarian diet more “healthy”? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Obesity Obesity is when weight gain poses a serious threat to health. This is more than just being slightly overweight. Obesity in children has tripled in 20 years. 8.5% of 6 year olds rising to 15% of 15 year olds are obese. Young people can regain their proper weight more easily than adults. Young people should have a healthy Question. * well-balanced diet, regular home-cooked meals, and take more exercise. Obesity can have the following results: © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved diabetes increased colon cancer risk heart attack high blood pressure restricted lifestyle low self esteem. * Food Intolerance Food intolerance happens when when the body reacts badly to a certain food or ingredient. Symptoms can range from a skin rash to death. nuts There are different causes: enzyme deficiency milk malabsorption flavourings. food allergies. Common foods that cause colourings reactions are: What could you do about food intolerance problems if planning a children's party? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved eggs fish shellfish gluten Soya The Food Standards Agency The FSA was set up in 2000 to monitor the safety and standards of all food for human consumption. What questions might you have for them? Should How At IsIsbeef what itmuch OK I be now age tofruit oily eat is OKit washing fishOK and raw should vegetables toto eggs? eat? fruit start I be and vegetables?* eating should feeding in I be my cow’s diet? eating milk to ? babies? © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Food Scares In 1996 BSE or “mad cow disease” was found in Britain. Experts were concerned a human form (CJD)could be transferred to humans by eating the meat of infected cattle. This affected beef sales and therefore meal planning. In a Gallop poll in 1996, 25% of people had stopped eating beef and sales of beef burgers fell. Would you have still eaten beef following the BSE scare? * © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Vocabulary Some words or terms to learn Non insulin dependent diabetes NME sugars Economic reasons Neural tube defect Listeria Convenience foods Glycogen © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved Housebound BSE Salmonella Rennet Gelatin Malabsorption Enzyme deficiency * The Task You can enter here a task for your students. © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved End End Show Acknowledgements All images used in these presentations are the property of their owners, ORCA Education Limited and suppliers inc. Hemera Images, Jupiter Media Corp. and Animation Factory All rights are reserved. The Licence agreement applies to all elements of these presentations. ORCA.VT is a trademark of ORCA Education Limited Microsoft Agent is the property of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond WA. ORCA Education Limited are licensed distributors of Microsoft Agent technology Licence 276899. The Microsoft Agent Technology elements including Peedy character may not be distributed beyond the constraints of this product licence Microsoft Agent characters Susan and Tom are packaged with this product as part of the Vox Proxy development tools used by ORCA Education. They are not for resale or distribution beyond their use in these products © ORCA Education Limited (2005) and suppliers, all rights reserved