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THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE 5th Century – Athenian dominance leads To war SOURCES THUCYDIDES 455-399 BCE ATHENIAN PELOPONNESIAN WAR CORRUPTED ATHENIAN VALUES Athenian Tribute Lists fragments acropolis records of annual payments made by league members PLUTARCH Greek in Roman empire wrote for Roman audience moral improvement entertainment Themistocles Fortification Ostracism of Piraeus c. 472 BCE CIMON Son of Miltiades Delian League against Persia 476 – 467 BCE 465 BCE – Revolt of Thasos Thracian mines Impeached and exiled Contributed to rise of Athenian Empire and repression of rebellion PERICLES Introduced pay for jury duty Increased political power of poorer class Using Delian League funds, beautified Athens Events under Pericles 459 BCE Long walls 454 BCE transfer of Delian League treasury 451 BCE Citizenship 446-445 BCE Treaty with Sparta 431-404 BCE War Strategy sea battles, financial resources, empire 430-426 BCE Epidemic 429 BCE Death Long Walls PARTHENON ACROPOLIS PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431-404 War -- 431 BCE Death Of Pericles 429 BCE 415-413 BCE -- Alcibiades -- Spartan Allies In Sicily Sparta -- Athenian Countryside Persia -- Money For Spartan Fleet 404 BCE Athens Surrenders; Humbled 404-403 BCE –30 tyrants; Democracy Restored Peloponnesian War 431-404 Athens and Sparta Open society Closed, rigid society Culmination of the Golden Age of Athens Subject of first great history written by an eyewitness History of the Peloponnesian War Thucydides Democracy on trial Causes Corcyra Allies of Athens and Sparta Sparta and Corinth voted for war Archidamos warns of its difficulty Advised preparation for sea war – • Advice not taken Pericles gathers rural dwellers into the city 430 Athens choked with refugees Plague arrives at Piraeus Athenian Plague 430-429; 428; 427 25-30% dead 1050 of one detachment of 4000 hoplites Short term Athens is weakened Pregnant women especially susceptible Explanations and responses Spartans Gods No poisoned the water displeased effective remedy Rituals and rites ineffective Burial transgressions Spending and crime sprees Death of Pericles Followed by non-aristocratic leaders Pandered to popular will Encouraged war Peace of Nikias 421 50 year truce Lasted 418 about a year – war on again Alcibiades 415 Fleet to Sicily Accused of sacrilege and fled to Sparta Advised Sparta against Athenians End of the war Help from Persia Built a fleet End of war in 404 at Aegisthopotami Athenian politics 411 400 30 tyrants tyrants Aristocratic, ambitious Overturned and Athens now democracy again Other aspects of war Melos Was A in 416 this democracy run wild? test for Greek culture? Compare Rome and Greece Decline of Sparta Spartans -- poor leaders -- alienated many Greed and population decline Leuctra 371 BCE Thebes -- Epaminondas Mantinia 362 BCE Thebes wins, Epaminondas falls, helots free And the result Weakened and vulnerable Greece