Download Lesser known quotes of American history . . . .

American History
STAAR TEST
“MEGA REVIEW”
Watauga Middle School
Lesser known quotes of American history . .
..
“We hold these truths to be self-evident that you WILL study for Social Studies STAAR. That you
are endowed by your teacher with certain brain cells that must remember . . . people,
documents, compromises and wars.”
- Thomaina Jefferson – 2014
“These are the times that try students’ souls . . .”
-Thomasina Paine 2014
“Give me a passing score or give me shame!” - Patrice Henry 2014
“The STAAR Test is coming!!!” -Paulina Revere 2014
“STUDY or DIE” - Benita Franklin 2014
“We must all study together or . . . we shall all fail separately.” - Benita Franklin 2014
I pledge to my teacher and my fellow classmates
my commitment, my best effort and my brain cells.
Name
and
Period
John Smith – Founded & saved Jamestown in 1607
John Rolfe – brought tobacco ($) to Jamestown
Baron de Montesquieu – his idea to separate the power into 3 branches (so
that one person/branch would have too much power – influenced the
Constitution)
Christopher Columbus – 1492 “Discovered” America
John Peter Zenger - His trial = first time Freedom of the Press was established
William Penn – early colonist; Quaker, came to America for religious freedom;
established Pennsylvania
Abigail Adams – wife of Pres. John Adams; known for her letters supporting
rights for women. “Remember the ladies . . .”
Thomas Hooker - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Equality for all, vote for
all free men, Founder of Connecticut.
Francis Scott Key – American patriot , wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner,”
describing the survival of the American flag during the British
bombardment of Fort McHenry in the War of 1812
Lord Baltimore - Founder of Maryland for Catholics who were fleeing persecution
in England.
Roger Williams – founder of Rhode Island; separation of church and state
Anne Hutchinson – religious dissenter who fled to Rhode Island
Benjamin Franklin –colonial leader; inventor, wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac,
enlightenment thinker, oldest member of Constitutional Convention;
signed Declaration of Ind.
Samuel Adams – leader and organizer of colonial protests (Sons of Liberty)
against British rule
George Washington – commander of Continental Army in Revolutionary War;
presided over the Constitutional Convention, 1st U. S. President
King George III – King of England during the American Revolution
Thomas Jefferson –wrote Declaration of Ind., 3rd U. S. President, Louisiana
Purchase
Thomas Paine – colonial leader; wrote pamphlet Common Sense and The Crisis
Paul Revere – Warned colonists, “The British are coming!”
Cornwallis – British general who lost at Yorktown.
Marquis de Lafayette – French nobleman who became military leader for
Patriots in Revolutionary War against British rule
Patrick Henry – Anti-federalist, colonial orator; famous for quote “…give me liberty
or give me death!”
John Paul Jones – American naval hero of Revolutionary War.
Haym Salomon - Polish-born Jewish immigrant Used his own personal money to
finance the Patriot cause. “American Financier”
Andrew Jackson – general in War of 1812, Pres. during Nullification Crisis and
“Trail of Tears’’; went to war with the National Bank, “President for the
Common Man, created Democratic Party
Henry David Thoreau – wrote “Civil Disobedience” – refused to pay his taxes
during US-Mexican War (slavery issue); transcendentalist
John Calhoun –Andrew Jackson’s Vice Pres; strong supporter of states’ rights
from S. Carolina; Nullification Crisis important spokesman in conflicts
before Civil War (anti-tariff)
James K. Polk – “Mr. Manifest Destiny” – added Texas, Oregon and Mexican Cession
Henry Clay – Congressional leader prior to Civil War Senator from Kentucky;
proposed compromise efforts (Missouri Compromise, Compromise of
1850)
Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy; from Mississippi.
Frederick Douglass – self-educated black abolitionist. Powerful orator/speaker,
North Star Abolitionist newspaper
Ulysses S. Grant – Chosen by Lincoln to lead Union troops in Civil War.
Elected 18th president in 1868.
Robert E. Lee – Commander of Confederate troops. Admired by both sides.
Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia to end Civil War.
Abraham Lincoln – 1st elected as Congressman from Illinois. Believed in strong
union; “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” Elected Pres.
In 1861. Assassinated April 14, 1865, 5 days after Lee’s surrender.
Daniel Webster – Congressional leader (Mass.) for a strong union. Famous for
saying, “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.”
Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury, created the National Bank,
Federalist, opposed Bill of Rights
Mercy Otis Warren - Patriot woman who wrote plays about the Revolution
Harriet Tubman – Famous Conductor on the Underground Railroad.
James Armistead - African American who acted as an American spy during the
American Revolution
Wentworth Cheswell - African American “Paul Revere”
Bernardo de Galvez - Spanish nobleman who secured the port of New Orleans for
the Americans and provided vast amounts of arms, ammunition,
military supplies and money
George Mason – a framer of the Constitution, anti-Federalist, opposed its
adoption.
James Madison – delegate to Constitutional Convention. “Father of the
Constitution”
William Blackstone - Defined individual rights in English law – colonists will use
his writings to influence U.S. laws (Constitution)
Andrew Johnson – Impeached by House of Representatives. Not removed
from office by Senate.
Clara Barton – “Angel of the Battlefield” during the Civil War, she founded the
American Red Cross
Stonewall Jackson – Confederate General who displayed skill on the battlefield
and inspired his solders.
William Carney – 1st African American soldier to be awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor
Philip Baazar – 1st Hispanic American soldier to be awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor
Hiram Revels – 1st African American to serve in Congress
John Locke - Philosopher who believed in the protection of individual rights
including life, liberty and property – NATURAL RIGHTS.
Believed people create gov’t. His works inspired Thomas
Jefferson
Julia Ward Howe – wrote “Battle Hymn of the Republic” during the Civil War
Washington
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789- 6 member court; Created lower federal courts
Precedents set- paying war debts, neutrality, cabinet system
Hamilton’s Financial Plan- protective tariffs to pay back the war debt; national bank; government would pay state AND national debt
National Security- Federal troops fight British backed Native Americans in Northwest Territory, Whiskey Rebellion
Jay’s Treaty- Britain agreed to leave the Ohio Valley and pay us back for our stolen ships; this helped reduce awkward tension between
the U.S. and Britain
Pinckney’s Treaty- U.S. got the freedom to travel on the Mississippi and store goods at New Orleans
Farewell Address- advice and warnings for future; emphasized staying away from “permanent alliances” (foreign alliances) and “the
spirit of party” (political parties = BAD)
Adams
XYZ Affair: French agents (known as X, Y, and Z) demand a $10 million loan and a bribe before they will discuss a treaty; U.S. refused
to give a cent
Alien & Sedition Acts: Increased time for immigrants to become citizens from 5 to 14; Made saying or printing “false or hateful” writing
about the gov’t illegal
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions: In response to the Alien and Sedition Acts; Jefferson and Madison drafted a set of statements
declaring that states can nullify a federal law if the state believes it to be unconstitutional
Jefferson
1803 Louisiana Purchase- U.S. purchases Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million; doubled size
1803 Marbury v. Madison- The Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish laws by declaring them unconstitutional: Judicial
Review
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Embargo Act of 1807- Forbid American ships to sail into foreign ports and closed U.S. ports to British ships; hurt the economies of each
region; however, the South and the West took the largest hit because of dependence on trade with Europe
Madison
War of 1812- Causes: Great Britain was taking U.S. ships and interfering with U.S. trade, British arming American Indians to attack
settlers in Northwest Territory, Impressment of U.S. citizens
Results: Increased American Patriotism, Weakened American Indian resistance; U.S. manufacturing grew in Northeast
Monroe
Era of Good Feelings- Period characterized by lack of political disruption and economic growth
Clay’s American System- Wanted the U.S. to be economically self-sufficient
Missouri Compromise- debate over admission as slave or free state would upset the “balance of power” between slave and free states in
Congress; Kept the balance of power by admitting Maine as free and Missouri as slave and banning slavery north of the parallel
36°30’; Sectionalism developed as a result of the slavery issue
McCulloch v. Maryland- Could not tax federal government
Gibbons v. Ogden- Promoted economic growth, Interstate commerce
Monroe Doctrine – told European nations to keep out of the affairs of the Americas (Western Hemisphere)
Age of Jackson
Tariff of Abomination-1828 law that raised the tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods; it upset Southerners who felt that the
North was being favored. North supported tariffs and generally opposed the spread of slavery. South opposed tariff and supported the use
of slaves and the growth of slavery into Western Territories (King Cotton)
Bank War- Jackson vetoed the renewal of the 2nd Bank of the U.S. because he felt the bank had too much power/influence over
Congress/public policy. The bank leadership fought back, creating economic troubles and forcing people to take sides.
Sectionalism- Jackson supported strong central government, Southern states wanted State’s Rights; differences in economics systems and
support for tariffs and other public policy
Nullification Crisis- South Carolina threatened to secede over tariff issue, Jackson at odds with Calhoun
States’ Rights- theory that said that states had the right to judge when the federal
Jacksonian Democracy- idea of spreading political power to all the people, thereby ensuring majority rule
Era of the Common Man
White man’s suffrage
Spoils System- practice of winning candidates giving government jobs to political backers or supporters
Indian Removal Act
Worcester v. Georgia- Supreme Court upheld Cherokee land rights/Jackson ignored court’s decision
COLONIAL DOCUMENTS, TREATIES, LAWS, ACTS
1215
1619
Magna Carta
House of Burgesses
Limited the power of the King of England, emphasized that people had rights
In Virginia; 1st representative (assembly) government in English colonies
1620
Mayflower Compact
Rules established for self-government by Pilgrims at Plymouth
1639
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1st written Constitution in colonies (representative government)
1689
English Bill of Rights
Provided for rights of the individuals; provided right to trial by jury
1776
Declaration of Independence
Document notifying Britain that the 13 colonies were free and independent (TJ);
“unalienable rights” – life, liberty, pursuit of happiness
1777
Articles of Confederation
1st American constitution/government - weak; limited power of Congress; States had most
of the power (No Executive Branch, No Judicial Branch, No power to tax)
1783
Treaty of Paris
Ended American Revolution; Britain recognized the U.S. as independent nation
1787
Northwest Ordinance
Set up govt. for Northwest Territory; provided way for states to be admitted to the U.S.;
provided guidelines for the orderly expansion of the US
1787
Constitution
Framework for our system of government; 3 branches; government by the people;
“supreme law of the land” – includes 7 articles
Eli Whitney
Telegraph and Morse Code (communication )
Samuel Morse
Steam Engine (Steamboat - could travel against the current)
Robert Fulton (Clermont)
Water powered textile mill
(led to factory system and Lowell Girls)
Samuel Slater
Steel Plow (farming improvement)
John Deere
Mechanical Reaper (farming improvement)
Cyrus McCormick
Eli Whitney
Industrial Revolution
Inventions
Cotton Gin (led to spread of slavery)
Interchangeable Parts
(led to faster/cheaper production )
LITERATURE
Works reflected American society and featured
themes of American History
Work
KEY DATES
1776
1787
Jamestown, 1st permanent English
settlement in North America.
Pilgrims land near Plymouth Rock
Mayflower Compact
Declaration of Independence
U.S. Constitution written
1803
1861-65
Louisiana Purchase
U.S. Civil War
1607
1620
Topic
Genre
Poor Richard’s
Almanac
Ben Franklin
Advice, Sayings
Book
Scarlet Letter
Puritan punishment
Novel
“Last of the
Mohicans”
Nathaniel
Hawthorne
James Fenimore
Cooper
Novels
Common Sense
Thomas Paine
The Crisis
Thomas Paine
“Paul Revere’s Ride”
Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow
Washington Irving
Trapping, Trading,
Exploring, American
Frontier, French and
Indian War
Idea of independence
“tis time to part”
“these are the times
that try men’s souls”
“Listen my children
and you shall hear”
New York, New
Netherland settings
Spirit of the American
Revolution transcendentalist
“The Murders” is the
first detective story
Poem
Abolition of slavery
Paper
Horrors of slavery
Novel
Whaling Industry
Each person decides
what is right or
wrong.
Novel
Essay
“The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow”
“Rip Van Winkle”
“Concord Hymn”
“The Raven”
“The Murders in the
Rue Morgue”
The Liberator
“Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
Moby Dick
“Essay on Civil
Disobedience”
Author
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
Edgar Allen Poe
William Lloyd
Garrison
Harriet Beecher
Stowe
Herman Melville
Henry D. Thoreau
Pamphlet
Pamphlet
Poem
Tale
Stories
Poems, Essays
Date Event
Significance
1607
Jamestown
1st permanent English settlement
1619
Virginia House of Burgesses
Beginning of representative government in colonies
1620
Mayflower Compact
Beginning of self-government by colonists; obey the laws for the food of the colony; “civil body politic”
1700
Enlightenment
Movement in Europe that emphasized the use of reason
173040
175463
1770
1st
Renewal of faith; affected people of all backgrounds
Boston Massacre
Remove French from North America; begins problems between England and the American colonies
British will tax the colonists to pay for the F & I War
First civilians killed by British soldiers
1773
Boston Tea Party
Rebellion led by Sons of Liberty; example of an act of Civil Disobedience
1774
First Continental Congress
First time 12 colonies organize
1775
Lexington and Concord
“Shot Heard Around the World” Beginning of the Revolutionary War
1776
1777
177581
1781
Declaration of Independence
Articles of Confederation
American Revolution
Colonies declare intent to separate from England (mainly written by Thomas Jefferson)
1st American Constitution (weak) States had most of the power (no Judicial Branch, no power to tax, Pres.)
War between Great Britain and its 13 colonies; led to the founding of the United States of America
Important battles include: Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown
Battle of Yorktown concludes the Revolutionary war
1783
1786
Treaty of Paris
Shay’s Rebellion
1787
Constitutional Convention
1787
Northwest Ordinance
1789
1790’s
Washington elected President
Industrial Revolution
1791
1803
Bill of Rights
Louisiana Purchase
England recognizes U.S. as a nation
Demonstrated the need for a stronger government; Showed weakness of the Articles of Confederation and
need for stronger federal government
Meeting to revise the Articles of Confederation resulting in new form of Government (constitutional), Great
Compromise; 3/5 Compromise – George Washington elected President of Convention
Law that set up govt. for Northwest Territory; provided method for new states to be admitted; provided for
the orderly expansion of the US
Farewell Address set tone for international politics; isolationism; set precedent for transition of power.
Beginning of mass production, interchangeable parts; lower costs of goods. Led to urbanization and poor
working conditions. Canals built in NE.
First 10 Amendments guarantee individual freedoms; gained support for the Constitution to be ratified.
Doubled size of U.S.; 15 million; Bought from France by President Jefferson; Lewis and Clark explore
1800s
Second Great Awakening
Religious movement; led to the reform movements including abolition
1812
War of 1812
1820
1823
Missouri Compromise
Monroe Doctrine
182833
Nullification Crisis
183538
1840’s
1845
1846
1849
1850
Trail of Tears
War with England over impressments of sailors; Francis Scott Key-Star Spangled Banner; Andrew Jackson
gained fame at Battle of New Orleans; Dolley Madison saved the portrait of Washington from burning White
House
1820 compromise to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states. (Maine/Missouri)
Policy statement by President Monroe warning European countries not to interfere with newly independent
countries in Latin America
Historical conflict over the issue of states’ rights, or how much authority the national govt. had over the
states. Came about as a result of Tariff of Abominations to protect U.S. manufacturing from foreign
competition; benefited the North, at the expense of Southerners who purchased many goods from Europe.
South Carolina threatened to secede. Jackson threatened force. Sen. Henry Clay proposed a compromise
tariff in 1833 which was accepted by Southerners
Forced relocation of Native Americans to west of the Mississippi; during Pres. Andrew Jackson’s term
1853
1860
18611865
Gadsden Purchase
Election of Lincoln (Republican Party)
Civil War
1863
Emancipation Proclamation
1865
Lincoln’s Death
1877
Reconstruction Ends
Great Awakening
French and Indian War
Revolutionary War ends
Manifest Destiny
Texas
Mexican War
Gold Rush
Compromise of 1850
These led to the ideas that we
should become independent
The belief that the U.S. was meant to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific – from sea to shining sea
Texas is annexed to the US. (Pres. Polk) causes Mexican War ; comes in as a slave state
U.S. gained territories that became CA, NM, NV, AZ, & CO (President Polk)
49er’s rushed to California causing a population boom . . . and statehood a year later
California enters as a free state; Mexican Cession divided NM & UT (popular sovereignty); slave trade
banned in Washington DC; stronger Fugitive Slave Act
Flat land for railroads, purchased from Mexico, completed Manifest Destiny
Led to southern secession in 1861
Union (North) v. Confederacy (South) Presidents Abraham Lincoln (Union) and Jefferson Davis
(confederacy); Generals Grant (Northern) Lee (Southern); Important battles: Ft. Sumter, Gettysburg,
Vicksburg, Appomattox
Lincoln freed slaves in states of rebellion; changed character of Union goals in war to include ending
slavery as well as preserving the Union
Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford Theater. Radical Republicans gained power; military
reconstruction followed
Troops removed from South (President Hayes)
Issues at Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Compromises
Great Compromise- How will states be represented in Congress? Virginia
Plan = large states, population; New Jersey Plan= small states, equality
Great Compromise = 2 house Congress, population = House of reps, Senate =
equality
*** same Congress we have today
3/5th Compromise- 3/5th = for every 5 slaves 3 count in terms of population &
taxation
Federalists- led by Hamilton, Jay, Madison; federal gov’t has more power, promanufacturing, wealthy/elite should rule
Anti-Federalists- led by Jefferson and Mason; states have more power, proagriculture, average citizens should rule; demanded a Bill of Rights be added
before ratifying Constitution
REFORM MOVEMENTS AND REFORMERS
Movement
Time Period Accomplishment
ABOLITION
1830s-1840s
Wm Lloyd Garrison 1831
Frederick Douglass 1845
Sojourner Truth
1843
EDUCATION
Horace Mann
1830s
1837
TEMPERANCE
1800s
Republicanism – we VOTE for representatives who will carry out our
will
Limited Government – government only has the powers that the
Constitution gives it. Everyone, even the President, must obey the
law.
Checks and Balances – Each branch of government has the power to
check (or limit the actions) of the other two. This is so that no one
branch can become too powerful.
Anti-slavery
Abolitionist, black orator; “Ain’t I am
woman?”
Widely available education
Head of first state board of education in U.S.
Called education “the great equalizer”
Anti-alcohol
Improvements prisoner care
SUFFRAGE
Women’s right to vote
mid 1800’s-1920
Elizabeth Cady
1848
Stanton &
Susan B. Anthony &
Lucretia Mott
Popular Sovereignty = Power comes from the people in our
government “We the People” (from the consent of the governed)
Anti-slavery newspaper publisher ; The
Liberator
Abolitionist, black orator, The North Star
PRISON REFORM 1840-1860
Dorothea Dix
7 Principles of the Constitution
Care of prisoners, mentally ill
Organizer- Women’s Rights
Convention in Seneca Falls
“Declaration of Sentiments”
Separation of Powers – three branches of government – each has its
own duties and responsibilities
“se par ate”
3 branch es
Mon tes quieu
Federalism = power is shared between state and federal government.
The Constitution gives specific powers to the federal government and
others to the states. Power that is not specifically given to the federal
government is left for the states. (ex: 10th amendment)
SUPREME COURT
Chief Justice John Marshall- over 30 years as Chief Justice
Marbury v. Madison – 1st judgment by Supreme Court to strengthen
principle of judicial review, the power of judiciary
(Supreme Ct) to declare a law unconstitutional. (1803)
McCullough v. Maryland – ruled power of federal government
supreme over states. Supported Constitution as supreme law
of the land. Can’t tax the federal government (1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden – gave control of interstate commerce to
U.S. Congress; curbed acceptance of a monopoly by
the state of New York. (1824)
Worcester v Georgia – Supreme Ct said Cherokee could stay on their
land, Jackson ignored the ruling.
Dred Scott v. Sandford – denied slaves the right of citizenship.
(1857)
Individual Rights – Constitution protects individual rights, such as
freedom of speech, religion and the right to a trial by jury. These
protect the people against abuse from their government.
Amendment Process:
¾ needed to ratify = FRACTION
2/3 propose
Causes of the Civil War
Sectionalism- North vs. South; economic differences led to
loyalties and divisions on the issue of slavery
States’ Rights- differences in opinion on who holds more
power (states vs. federal government); 10th amendment
Wilmot Proviso- suggestion that slavery be outlawed in
Mexican Cession; splits Congress
Compromise of 1850- 1. California becomes a state
2. stronger Fugitive Slave Act
3. Mexican Cession open to popular sovereignty
4. slave trade banned in Washington D.C.
Fugitive Slave Act- allowed Southerners to recover escaped
slaves; angered the North
Uncle Tom’s Cabin- by Harriet Beecher Stowe; told the
horrors of slavery; increased abolitionist feelings in the North
Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)- repealed Missouri
Compromise; opened territories of Kansas and Nebraska to
popular sovereignty; Bleeding Kansas
Dred Scott vs. Sanford- slaves were property; denied
citizenship for slaves
John Brown’s Raid- abolitionist raid on Harper’s Ferry;
caused John Brown to become a hero and Southerners to fear
abolitionists
Election 1860- Lincoln elected as president; south secedes
13 Colonies
New England Colonies:
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New
Hampshire

Rocky Soil, ship building, whaling

Puritans in Mass., dissenters left for RI &
Conn.
Middle Colonies (“Breadbasket”)
Pennsylvania (Quakers), Delaware, New Jersey,
New York

Economy based on farming – mainly
grains
Southern Colonies
Virginia (Jamestown), Maryland (Catholics),
South & North Carolina, Georgia (debtors; buffer
between Spanish Florida and colonies)

Plantation system developed (slavery)
to help harvest labor intensive crops:
Tobacco, rice, indigo, and later cotton
Civil War Battles and Events
Ft. Sumter- first shots of the Civil War
Antietam- deadliest battle – led Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg- 3 day battle; Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address; “government by
the people, for the people shall not perish from the Earth”
Vicksburg- Union gains control of Mississippi; splits the South
Appomattox- war is over; Grant and Lee meet to discuss surrender. Lee (South
surrenders
Reconstruction Acts and Amendments
Lincoln’s 10% Plan- When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and
established a government, it would be recognized as a state
Wade-Davis Bill- Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an oath; required a state constitutional convention
before the election of state officials; vetoed by Lincoln
Presidential Reconstruction (Johnson)- kept Lincoln’s ideas; added that they must ratify the 13th and required
provisional governors to oversee new state Constitutional Conventions
Radical Republicans/Reconstruction Act of 1867- declared martial law; divided South into 5 military districts with a
Union general as acting governor
Freedmen’s Bureau- created to distribute food and supplies, establish schools, and redistribute additional confiscated
land to former slaves; “40 acres and a mule”
Black Codes- laws to restrict opportunities for free blacks
Ku Klux Klan- white terrorist group
Sharecropping- enabled southern blacks to rent their own plots of land, farm them, and provide for their families
13th – abolished slavery; FREED
14th – citizenship to former slaves; CITIZENS
15th – gave former male slaves the right to vote; VOTE
Homestead Act (1862)- to encourage economic growth and expansion west; 160 acres if settler built home and grew
crops; 5 yrs later they owned it
Morrill Act (1862)- another attempt to settle western land; each state gets 30,000 acres times the # of its Congressional
members; money from land sales used to start agricultural colleges
Dawes Act (1887)- broke up American Indian tribes by selling surplus tribal lands to whites
Election of 1876- Tilden vs. Hayes; Hayes elected as president; ended Reconstruction
MANIFEST DESTINY
COLONIAL ERA
John Winthrop
Roger Williams
William Penn
Ben Franklin
“…We shall be like a city upon a hill…”
Separation of church and state
“holy experiment” – Pennsylvania
“Join or die…” Albany Plan of Union
REVOLUTION
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
William Prescott
John Paul Jones
Ben Franklin
Thomas Paine
Paul Revere
Declaration of
Independence
Thomas
Jefferson
“If this be treason, make the most of it.”
“No taxation without representation”
“Give me liberty or give me death.”
“shot heard round the world”
“Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.
“I have not yet begun to fight”
“We shall all hang together or surely hang separately”
(Tis time to part…) Common Sense
“These are the times that try men’s souls…” (The Crisis)
“The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot…”
(The Crisis)
“The British are coming…”
“We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness…
…our lives, our fortunes, our sacred honor.
James K. Polk
“Mexico has invaded our territory and shed American blood on
American soil.”
Abraham Lincoln
“”If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would
do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do
it; and if I could do it by freeing some and leaving others along,
I would also do that.”
“On the 1st day of January in the year of our Lord 1863, all
persons held as slaves within any state or … part of a state
whose people…shall then be in rebellion against the U.S. shall
be then, thenceforward, and forever free.
“Ain’t I a woman?…”
“ I have lost my right arm.” (On the death of Stonewall
Jackson)
“We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in
vain – that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom and
that government of the people, by the people, and for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.”
CIVIL WAR
Emancipation
Proclamation
Sojourner Truth
Robert E. Lee
Abe Lincoln
Gettysburg
Address
Grant
at Appomattox
Courthouse
Abe Lincoln
House Divided
Speech
EARLY REPUBLIC
Preamble to the
Constitution
George
Washington
John Adams
Abigail Adams
Thomas
Jefferson
Andrew Jackson
“We, the people of the U.S., in order to form a more
perfect Union…”
“Steer clear of permanent alliances . . .”
“Beware of the spirit of party”
“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
“Remember the ladies…”
“We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists.”
Oliver Hazard
Perry –(War of
1812)
“Damn the torpedoes…Full speed ahead…”
John C. Calhoun
“Corrupt bargain.” “Our federal Union – it must be
preserved!”
“To the victor belongs the spoils…”
Abraham
Lincoln’s 1st
Inaugural
Address
Jefferson Davis
Inaugural
Address
Abraham
Lincoln’s 2nd
Inaugural
Address
“The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.”
“ A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this
government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half
free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect
the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It
will become all one thing, or all the other.”
“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the
institution of slavery where it exists.”
“we are not enemies, but friends”
“as a necessity, not a choice, we have resorted to separation.”
“With malice toward none; charity for all . . . . let us strive
together to bind up the nation’s wounds”
Bill of Rights:
“The Union – next to our liberty, most dear.”
H
1st: Freedom of Religion, Assembly, Press, Petition and Religion
(RAPPS)
2nd: Right to bear arms
3rd: No quartering of Soldiers
4th: no unreasonable searches or seizures
5th: “I plead the 5th – no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy
6th: right to a speedy trial
7th: Right to a jury trial and civil cases
8th: No cruel or unusual punishment; no excessive bail
9th: People have other rights not listed (ex: privacy)
10th: Powers not given to the Federal Government are reserved for
the states (Federalism)
Ratification of the Constitution took 9 out of the 13 states
Westward Expansion
Manifest Destiny- The belief that America should spread from
coast to coast
U.S. Mexican War- Causes: Border dispute over the Rio
Grande, Manifest Destiny, Annexation of Texas
Effects: Texas recognized as part of U.S., Mexican Cession,
From sea to shining sea
A- Original 13 Colonies, 1776
B- Western Lands, 1783 (Treaty of Paris)
C- Louisiana Purchase, 1803
D- Florida Cession, 1819 (Adams-Onis Treaty)
E- Texas Annexation, 1845
F- Oregon Territory, 1846
G- Mexican Cession, 1848-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
H- Gadsden Purchase, 1853 (flat lands – railroads)
Emancipation Proclamation:
Lincoln issued this after the battle of Antietam. It
freed the slaves in the rebelling states (not border)
Gettysburg Address: given at the dedication of the
Gettysburg cemetery. 2 min speech where he said our
nation was “conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the
proposition that all men are created equal.”