Download Freedom – Video Notes 8:33

Fighting for Freedom – Video Notes
Social Studies Test Review Packet
1. When the Founding Fathers signed the Declaration of Independence, they were committing t_____
against the British crown.
2. Americans were used to s__________________-government.
a. Mayflower Compact – first agreement for self government (Pilgrims)
b. House of Burgesses (Virginia) – 1st colonial legislature
c. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1st state constitution
d. Town Meetings – White male colonists met to resolve local issues
3. William Pitt believed in Mercantilism = view that colonies exist to support and be profitable for
the “m____________________ country”
4. Sam Adams organized a group called the Sons of L________________ to protest and resist British
Taxes. They were protesting “No taxation without representation” in the British Parliament.
a. Boycotted of British goods
b. Boston Tea Party
5. The British Parliament reacted to the Boston Tea Party with the Intolerable Acts  closed the
port of B_____________ and shut down the Massachusetts Legislature.
6. In April of 1775, the British took the water route (one if by land and two if by sea) to L_________
and Concord to seize guns and ammunition that colonial militia were collecting. This was the
beginning of the American Revolution.
7. King George decided to suppress the
r______________________.
8. This political cartoon shows that the 13 colonies needed to
join together or be defeated by the British.
First Continental Congress, George W____________________
9. was selected as the commander of the Continental Army.
10. At Bunker and Breeds Hill, the Americans lost, but they
learned that the British were not invincible.
11. Thomas Paine wrote Common S_________________ to
persuade Americans to support the rebellion and to create a society and government based on
liberty.
12. At the Second Continental Congress, the Founding Fathers voted to declare independence.
13. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed… The Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776
What is the purpose of government? “to secure these r______________________”
Where does a government get it’s power to rule? “from the consent of the g________________”
14. Slavery was the great contradiction to liberty at this point and time.
15. The Revolutionary War lasted for nearly ________________ years.
16. In December of 1777, the British captured the American capital in P____________________.
17. Washington marched his army to Valley Forge, where they froze and starved.
18. At Valley Forge, something important happened – they became a team. Baron Van Stuben, a
German officer, helped train the raw recruits to become an army.
19. The B_________________________ had more guns, more resources and more experience, but the
Americans fought on.
a. Battle of Saratoga -> Turning point where the American defeated a large British army
b. The French sign a Treaty of Alliance with us and begin to supply money, troops, guns and
their navy!
20. At Yorktown, the French Navy drove off the British Navy from the Chesapeake Bay, so the
British General, Lord Cornwallis could not get resupplied. Cornwallis surrendered. Yorktown
was the last big battle of the war.
a. In London, the British people have had enough of war.
b. Treaty of Paris
i. England agreed to recognize the U.S. as an i____________________ country
ii. Get the land west to the Mississippi River
iii. England agreed to remove their forts in the west – but they don’t.
iv. We agreed to repay Tories (Americans who supported Britain) – but we don’t
v. We get fishing rights off of Newfoundland and opportunity to trade in the West
Indies
The Miracle in Philadelphia
21. The first American government was just too w___________________ to govern. The Articles of
Confederation didn‘t give Congress the power to do much of anything.
a. Could not levy taxes
b. Each state had only one vote – larger states did not like this
c. Had no authority over individual citizens
d. No court system
 Review pages 254 & 268 in your textbook
 Had the power to:
Plus, Shay’s Rebellion (a revolt of Massachusetts farmers over banks taking family farms when
farmers could not pay their debts due to the economic depression.)  Constitutional Convention
22. In 1787, an emergency convention was called to overhaul the Articles of C_________________.
23. James Madison convinced the convention to create a whole new constitution.
24. Issues:
a. Power and representation of large versus small states
b. Strong Federal government versus State’s Rights
c. Federalists – Hamilton, Washington, Franklin, John Adams, Madison
d. Anti-Federalists – Jefferson, Patrick Henry, John Hancock
e. All People? What about slavery?
25. Roger Sherman of Connecticut –> The Great Compromise -> Bicameral (two houses) Legislature
a. Senate = 2 Senators from each state (6 year terms, must be 30 years old)
b. House of Representatives = based on population (2 year terms, must be 25 years old)
c. Remember! 3/5th Compromise -> slaves counted as 3/5ths people for representation
26. Preamble of the Constitution (Purpose and 5 goals) We the people of the United States, 1. in
order to form a more perfect union, 2. establish justice, 3. insure domestic tranquility, provide for
the common defense, 4. promote the general welfare, and 5. secure the blessings of liberty to
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of
America.
Establishing Precedents
27. The Constitution was ratified (approved) -> required 3/4ths of the states ( 9 of the 13)
a) Federalists promised the Anti-Federalists a Bill of Rights (1st 10 amendments)
28. #1 President = George W______________________________
29. Federalist Party– (Hamilton/ Adams) – wanted a powerful n_________________________
government and economic development
30. Democratic-Republican party – Jefferson – wanted a land based economy with limited government
31. #2 President = John Adams – Alien and Sedition Acts
a) More difficult to become a citizen
b) The president could deport any aliens (people born in a foreign country)
c) Became a crime to criticize the government or president = sedition
32. # 3 President = Jefferson – calls his election a “r______________________________” since it was
the first time there was a peaceful change in power from one political party to another
33. Louisiana P______________________________ – doubled the nation’s size – from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains
34. Corps of Discovery – Louis and C___________________________ Expedition
The Slave Trade
35. The Slave Trade began in early colonial days.
36. The Triangular Trade = Economic system
a. Cash crops from New World colonies
to Europe
b. Manufactured goods (guns, alcohol)
from Europe to Africa
Enslaved people from Africa to the
c. New World colonies
37. The Middle Passage – The part of the
Triangular Trade from West Africa to the New
World where captured Africans were brought
against their will to become slaves
38. List the key cash crops:
Plantation Slavery
39. By 1800, there were about 1 million enslaved
Africans in America.
40. Black Codes – defined slaves as property and were passed in the South to try to keep enslaved
Africans in subjugation (against the law for a slave to learn to read)
41. A_______________________________ wanted immediate emancipation (freedom)
42. Abolitionists: William Lloyd Garrison and Quakers
43. The Underground Railroad helped slaves escape - Levi Coffin and Harriet Tubman
(M________________________ to Her People)
44. Frederick Douglas – former slave, wrote an Autobiography of his life (slave narrative) editor of
the newspaper, The North Star
A Little Giant and a Big Debate – by the 1850’s there were 4 million slaves in America
45. Stephen Douglas – Pro-Southern, pro-slavery, and pro- State’s R_________________
a. Kansas and Nebraska Bill – popular sovereignty (the people in the territories would decide)
b. Threatened the Missouri Compromise of 18____________
46. Abraham Lincoln – Is was w______________ to allow slavery to expand; it was a federal issue.
47. Lincoln and Douglas Debates – debated the issue of slavery and the meaning of freedom
Splitting Apart
48. 1860 Election – L_____________ is elected -> South Carolina s_____________ from the Union
49. 11 other Southern States follow to form the C________________________ States
50. Jefferson D________________________ is elected President of the Confederate States
51. Fort Sumpter – Charleston Harbor – Southern forces fire upon the fort
The Civil War
52. More than 620,000 American d______________________________.
53. Both North and South believed they were fighting for liberty
a. North (The Union) – to preserve the Union & restrict slavery
b. South (The Confederacy) – to preserve their freedom to own slaves
54. The Battle of Bull Run – The Confederacy won -> Lincoln knew it would be a real war
55. E______________________ Proclamation – Freed slaves in all states that were in REBELLION
a. made the war about freeing the slaves
b. ensured that no European nations would ally with the South
c. Black Americans would be recruited to fight for the Union
56. The Bureau of Colored Troops – “Glory” video
57. 180,000 Black soldiers fought for the Union
58. Gettysburg – June 1863 General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy attacked PA
a. 1/3 of Southern Army lost in 3 days
b. Confederates lost
c. Most deadly battle of the war
59. The G__________________________ Address – Abraham Lincoln
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived
and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.that we here highly resolve
that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the
earth.
60. Which part(s) echo the Declaration of Independence? __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
61. What was the purpose of the Civil War according to President Lincoln in this address? _______
_________________________________________________________________________________
The Final Year
62. Ulysses S. Grant – U_______________ General
63. William Tecumseh Sherman – Sherman’s March -> believed in T_________________ War
a. captured Atlanta
b. Marched to the s_________________ in Savannah
64. April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse – The Civil War ends
65. Ford’s Theatre – John Wilke’s Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln on April 15, 1865