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DUBROVAČKI LJETNI FESTIVAL DUBROVNIK SUMMER FESTIVAL HRVATSKA / CROATIA Atrij Kneževa dvora 21. kolovoza 1999. 21.30 sati Rector's Palace Atrium 21 August 1999 9.30 p.m. GUDAČKI SEKSTET BERLINSKE FILHARMONIJE BERLIN PHILHARMONIC STRING SEXTET Bernhard Hartog, Rüdiger Liebermann Violine /violins Wolfram Christ, Walter Küssner Viole / violas Georg Faust, Ansgar Schneider Violončela /cellos R. Strauss A. Schönberg Gudački sekstet, op. 85 (iz opere "Capriccio") String sextet, Op. 85 (from the opera Andante con moto "Capriccio") Gudački sekstet, op. 4 String sextet, Op. 4 "Verklärte Nacht" *** J. Brahms Gudački sekstet u B-duru, op. 18 String sextet in B flat major, Op. 18 Allegro ma non troppo Tema s varijacijama- Andante ma moderato Scherzo- Allegro molto- Trio- AnimatoRondo- Poco allegretto e grazioso Capriccio (written in 1941) is the last piece of stage music by Richard Strauss (1864 - 1949). Like the Last Four Songs, so is the Capriccio the composer's musical will, very special and characteristic, for, in this Op. 85. Strauss explores one of most ancient dilemmas: mind or emotion, music or word - the topics written about, discussed and placed into focus by artists of all times and epochs. At the beginning of the opera, there is the string sextet which, together with the Music of the Moon, the interlude before the Finale, makes an instrumental unity within this work of stage music. And just as the entire output of Richard Strauss, symphonic and operatic, and chamber headed by the solo songs alike, oscillates eternally between the mind and the heart (with his most subtle pages assigned to the cruelties of Salomé and Electra, respectively), so this luxurious piece of chamber music mixes the classical measure (sonata form) with the flames of passionate and tempestuous melodic changes, just like the ones Strauss left in such abundance in his symphonic poems and operas. 'I am a conservative forced to become a radical', said Arnold Schönberg (1874 -1951), the father of ‘the new music', and one of most interesting composers of the first half of the century. Ervartung, Pierrot Lunaire, Gurre Lieder, the opera Moses and Aaron should present his works best known to the widest audience, if there is anything like that in contemporary music. Yet, at the start of Schonberg's output, there stands a work that fully justifies the epithet of 'the late flower of Romanticism', attributed to the composer by Michael Rose. For, the string quartet named 'The Night o f Metamorphosis' (Op.4, composed in 1899; in 1917. revised for string orchestra, in 1943. final revision) can hardly reveal the radicalism of the later Schonberg. Inspired by the poem 'Weib und Welt' by Richard Dehmel, he seems to follow the romantically overflown Wagner, not only in the musical, but equally in the intellectual exploring of the 'eternally feminine' secret and of the tragedy of human (love) relations. His expression is so deeply captivating, that it deletes any speculations on the 'Schonberg-and-contemporary (modern?) music1 topics. Despite the fact that, while awaiting Johannes Brahms (1833 -1897), Robert Schumann discerned in him 'the up-coming one'..., the 'harsh northerner' as Brahms was known, left the veritable examples of his above all sensible and shy person right in the field on chamber music. Master Brahms wrote two compositions for the string sextet - the first of the two, Op. 18 in B flat major, being an early work by the date of its birth, but a highly mature piece by its expression. In chamber ensembles, Brahms shows his special love for the mutual play of the instruments, so obvious in his piano trios and quartets, equally in his chamber works with the clarinet as the leading instrument. The play of voices and lines, their accordic and polyphonic agreements, their clashes and solutions, present the masterpieces of the romantic chamber literature. In the String Sextet Op. 18, the play is particularly impressive in the Theme with variations, the favourite form of composers of all times which with Brahms, and Schumann alike, capture the imagination of every exuberantly talented author.